The Tempest and The Road not Taken Essay Example

The Tempest and The Road not Taken Paper Excursions influence every person in various manners; some are affected momentously while others experience occasions with practically zero change. Through character improvement found in Shakespeares The Tempest just as the inward clash portrayed through idyllic strategies in Robert Frosts The Road not Taken, my comprehension of the effect that excursions have has been formed with the goal that I currently welcome that through passionate and physical occasions, a more profound knowledge on life is created. The Tempest centers primarily around the enthusiastic change of the hero Prospero, however different characters experience a change inside themselves and how they see mankind. The way that Prospero experiences such a huge change while his sibling, Antonio, appears to be immaculate by the occasions and says nothing that alludes to the littlest piece of atonement shows that, however they are both submitted to comparative conditions, the excursion has affected them both in various manners. Albeit all the activities are planned for indicating the wrecked characters their shortcomings, Antonio and Sebastians plot to execute their sort exhibits that they are unequipped for change and offers weight to Prosperos story, making watchers feel for him. Correlations and differentiations between characters, for example, Gonzalo with his vision and Antonio with his pessimism help in the advancement of the characters and the thoughts they present. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Tempest and The Road not Taken explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Tempest and The Road not Taken explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Tempest and The Road not Taken explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The play is opened with a sensational tempest, representing the political change and irregularity brought about by Prosperos sibling, Antonio, and the King, Alonso, usurping his legitimate situation as Duke of Milan. The focal plot to the play is Prosperos plan to look for vengeance, his sharpness clear when he says to Ariel, with their high wrongs I am struck to thquick. Shakespeares utilization of enchantment hallucination through the soul Ariel permits the story to go past the domain of the truthful and utilizes creative excursions, giving the island a puzzling obscure quality which drives the plot. This, alongside symbolism through various descriptive words watery curve aids the production of an innovative climate. The progressions inside Prospero are continuous yet effortlessly observed by his expressions of love towards the connection between his little girl Miranda and Alonsos just child, Ferdinand. His pity inevitably prompts the absolute pardoning (I do excuse thee/unnatural as thou craft) of the treacheries conveyed to him and his little girl 12 years earlier. His good attributes are featured with idealistic discourse, for example, Yet with my nobler explanation gainst my fierceness/do I participate. The rarer activity is goodness than in retribution. Prosperos passionate clashes and individual excursion finishes up when he is reestablished his title and makes arrangements to come back to Milan. Before he does this he relinquishes his forces in a discourse, this unpleasant enchantment/I presently repudiate and liberates his devotees Ariel and Caliban. He wants to by and by carry on with his previous lifestyle and has acknowledged force isn't what is significant. This shows a genuine adjustment in him as an individual. An alternate excursion is delineated in the sonnet The Road not Taken. It shows inward clash just as the unusualness of excursions when the storyteller out of the blue arrives at a byway. He is sorry I was unable to travel both as should be obvious which leads on to a superior excursion (the other, similarly as reasonable), he is compelled to settle on a choice on which way to follow-or, which is by all accounts increasingly significant, which way won't be followed. The way that he can't tell how the ways contrast represents the principal idea of destiny and how the decision is given yet what will eventually occur because of our choice relies upon provision. The storyteller reviews long I stood/and looked down one to the extent I could demonstrating his hesitance, however so as to proceed with life, the explorer took the one that appeared to be the one less voyaged, however he before long discovers that that neither of the streets is less gone by, the going there/had worn them extremely about the equivalent. The title of the sonnet being The Road Not Taken shows the worth that the storyteller puts, not in the decision he did make and live however the one that he lost, the one that he can perpetually ponder about yet will never know. The whole sonnet is a similarity of life and the unexpected turns and complexities found inside it. Ice utilizes an assortment of procedures so as to viably make this figurative and expressive excursion. It is a carefully organized sonnet, following an ABAAB rhyming example utilizing basic language, concentrating more on the hidden message in the sonnet just as word affiliation and implications of words, for instance, the lush way is related easily and solace. Imagery is found all through the 4 verses, the yellow wood and the physical harvest time changes represent the inward change happening. The last verse shows the storyteller anticipating he will be telling this with a moan/some place ages and ages consequently. It is neither positive nor negative as the artist himself is yet to discover and just realizes that it was a groundbreaking choice that has had a significant effect. There is anyway a trace of regret, not maybe for the assessment of an off-base choice however that the choices themselves have denoted an amazing death something he will always be unable to get back or remember once more. Both these writings incorporate excursions of every single distinctive structure, all of which have impactsly affected the personas and perusers. Prospero, who started with a harshness of heart and want for retribution saw that satisfaction lay in the pardoning of his colleagues and it was this change inside him that took into consideration the alluring consummation that happened. The explorer in The Road Not Taken was shriveled by the encounters and choices throughout everyday life, spoke to in his physical excursion through a harvest time wood. Each character was changed in an alternate, exceptional way however each increased self-awareness. This exhibits ventures impactsly affect various individuals, yet it is just through these experiences and exercises that they can create and grow their insight or comprehension of the world.

National Journal Of Hospitality Management â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The National Journal Of Hospitality Management? Answer: Introducation Powerful assistance work area or administration work area the executives is a principal part of giving great client care and keeping up a decent client relationship. With this as an explanation, there are not kidding necessities of bettering the presentation gave by help work areas or administration work areas and their legitimate administration. It would help administrators in securing bound together interior and outer execution benefits. The thought is of making little strides towards improving help instead of essentially beginning from the beginning and afterward to a great extent putting resources into the dynamic strategy. However, relationship with purchasers face issues at the hour of making little strides, as that causes the association to turn out to be increasingly decided on the fuse and change as opposed to on the inevitable favorable position - furnishing of clients with the best client support and having the best type of relationship with them (Lucio-Nieto et al. 2012). Two most effective parts of a decent assistance work area or administration the executives are examined underneath: Evaluating of existing practices Prior to assuming liability of any type of progress endeavors, there is the need of assessing what is now being done inside the business that are related with the arrangement of help inside the areas of help work area or administration work area, customers and different divisions of the association. Distinctively, it may happen that there exists effectively a few groups and offices that are assuming up the liability of exercises that are like this and there are probabilities that a portion of the significant practices are now arranged set up inside the association that can be additionally advanced and acknowledged somewhere else (Jntti, Cater-Steel Shrestha, 2012). Like for instance, inside any product organization and their inner IT support, standards of IT foundation library (ITIL) are as of now received, removing structure which the client care group could profit in a clear way from the ITIL strategy for episodes, issues, discharge and change the executives in shifted territories like following item improvement, actualizing and following those new items in the market for the clients (Tang Todo, 2013). Reviews of the administration level administration by dint of administration foundation that is offered by the assistance work area or the administration work area and adjusting of the IT arrangements cautiously with the more extensive needs of the business would likewise bolster. Thought of self assistance arrangements Self assistance arrangements are considered by numerous individuals similar to the best arrangement in the event that they are appropriately utilized inside the association. They contain the ability of being hugely gainful. The even present the benefits of introducing working out-of-hours inclusion that permits any worry the chance of being in consideration for being estimated to be taken care of on a priority premise the subsequent day. Much of the time, the information bases could be recouped by the end client for settling their own issues. Looking from the angle of help work area or administration work area the executives, these types of inclusion could be confirm as being massively financially savvy, apparently removing 33% of the brings toward the principal line help work area or administration work area especially in regions, for example, call updates and status checking. This circumstance impacts enrollment and staffing levels, releasing workforces in progressively innovative zones inside concern goals. As far as this conversation, at a lower level, self-administration can go about similar to the best arrangement. It is incredibly indispensable that situational dangers like when the end clients self-regulate colossally specialized goals are kept away from (Kokkinou Cranage, 2013). References Jntti, M., Cater-Steel, A., Shrestha, A. (2012). Towards an improved it administration work area framework and procedures: a case study.International Journal on Advances in Systems and Measurements,5(3 4), 203-215. Kokkinou, A., Cranage, D. A. (2013). Utilizing self-administration innovation to diminish client holding up times.International Journal of Hospitality Management,33, 435-445. Lucio-Nieto, T., Colomo-Palacios, R., Soto-Acosta, P., Popa, S., Amescua-Seco, A. (2012). Executing an IT administration data the board system: The instance of COTEMAR.International Journal of Information Management,32(6), 589-594. Tang, X., Todo, Y. (2013). A Study of Service Desk Setup in Implementing IT Service Management in Enterprises.

30 Books by Florida Authors Affected by Hurricane Irma

30 Books by Florida Authors Affected by Hurricane Irma Hurricane Irma made landfall over South Florida on Sunday, September 10th. The devastation left in the storms wake caused the state to go dark. The millions affectedby power outages, storm damage, and floodinginclude some of my friends, teachers, and favorite Florida authors. Some of these authors stayed to weather the storm. Others watched from afar as loved ones desperately tried to evacuate  and homes were damaged or destroyed. Two, Chantel Acevedo and M. Evelina Galang, missed their book launches because of Hurricane Irma. But there  is something we can do to help. The best way to support authors is to buy their books. Consider buying one or two (or all 30!) of these authors books to help pick Florida up after Hurricane Irma. *All descriptions were borrowed from Goodreads. Fiction by Florida Authors Breath, Eyes, Memory by Edwidge Danticat At the age of twelve, Sophie Caco is sent from her impoverished village of Croix-des-Rosets to New York, to be reunited with a mother she barely remembers. There she discovers secrets that no child should ever know, and a legacy of shame that can be healed only when she returns to Haitito the women who first reared her. Driving the King by Ravi Howard  The war is over, the soldiers are returning, and Nat King Cole is back in his hometown of Montgomery, Alabama, for a rare performance. His childhood friend, Nat Weary, plans to propose to his sweetheart, and the singer will honor their moment with a special song. But while the world has changed, segregated Jim Crow Montgomery remains the same. When a white man attacks Cole with a pipe, Weary leaps from the audience to defend himâ€"an act that will lead to a 10-year prison sentence. The Veins of the Ocean by Patricia Engel Reina Castillo is the alluring young woman whose beloved brother is serving a death sentence for a crime that shocked the community, throwing a baby off a bridgeâ€"a crime for which Reina secretly blames herself. With her brothers death, though devastated and in mourning, Reina is finally released from her prison vigil. Seeking anonymity, she moves to a sleepy town in the Florida Keys The Living Infinite by Chantel Acevedo After her cloistered childhood at the Spanish court, her youth spent in exile, and a loveless marriage, Eulalia gladly departs Europe for the New World. In the company of Thomas Aragon, the son of her one-time wet nurse and a small-town bookseller with a thirst for adventure, she travels by ship first to a Cuba bubbling with revolutionary fervor then on to the 1893 Chicago World Fair. Birds of Paradise by Diana Abu-Jaber At thirteen, Felice Muir ran away from home to punish herself for some horrible thing she had doneâ€"leaving a hole in the hearts of her pastry-chef mother, her real estate attorney father, and her foodie-entrepreneurial brother. After five years of scrounging for food, drugs, and shelter on Miami Beach, Felice is now turning eighteen, and she and the family she left behind must reckon with the consequences of her actionsâ€"and make life-affirming choices about what matters to them most, now and in the future. The Well-Dressed Bear Will (Never) Be Found by Jarod Roselló There is a bear loose in the city. He is violent and unpredictable. A menace. If you see this bear, please contact the authorities. Do not approach him, do not call out to him, do not follow him into alleyways or darkened places. Do not go looking for this bear. He is very dangerous. He is also very hard to find. Requiem by Teresa Carmody A lonely man plainchants for the waitress he once stalked, a sonless father serenades a fatherless son, and a bereft family gathers to bury a parent, providing an aching chorus of what is left.   The Nix by Nathan Hill Meet Samuel Andresen-Anderson: stalled writer, bored teacher at a local college, obsessive player of an online video game. He hasnt seen his mother, Faye, since she walked out when he was a child. But then one day there she is, all over the news, throwing rocks at a presidential candidate. Felt in the Jaw by Kristen Arnett A young dancer suddenly loses language while her family struggles to understand their new roles. A mother endures a horrifying spider bite while camping with her daughters in the backyard. A family reunion goes sour when a group of cousins are left to their own devices. The Heaven of Animals by Jamie Poissant From two friends racing to save the life an alligator in “Lizard Man” to a girl helping her boyfriend face his greatest fears in “The End of Aaron,” from a man who stalks death on an Atlanta street corner to a brother’s surprise at the surreal, improbable beauty of a late night encounter with a wolf, Poissant creates worlds that shine with honesty and dark complexity, but also with a profound compassion. These are stories hell-bent on hope. We Cant Help It If Were From Florida: New Stories from a Sinking Peninsula by Shane Hinton (Editor) Florida is more than just fodder for hard-boiled crime novels and zany farces. This anthology of new stories and essays challenges a star-studded line up of current and former Floridians to write about the state through a literary lens, though not without the requisite weirdness. The Florida within this book contains: lightning, oil spills, road rage, a lizard tied to a balloon, swimmers, sleepwalkers, characters that love Florida, characters that hate Florida, and at least three sinkholes. The Clairvoyants by Karen Brown On the family homestead by the sea where she grew up, Martha Mary saw ghosts. As a young woman, she hopes to distance herself from those spirits by escaping to an inland college town. There, she is absorbed by a budding romance, relieved by separation from an unstable sister, and disinterested in the flyers seeking information about a young woman who’s disappearedâ€"until one Indian summer afternoon when the missing woman appears beneath Martha’s apartment window, wearing a down coat, her hair coated with ice. Made for Love by Alissa Nutting Hazel has just moved into a trailer park of senior citizens, with her father and Dianeâ€"his extremely lifelike sex dollâ€"as her roommates. Life with Hazel’s father is strained at best, but her only alternative seems even bleaker. She’s just run out on her marriage to Byron Gogol, CEO and founder of Gogol Industries, a monolithic corporation hell-bent on making its products and technologies indispensable in daily life. The Revenge of the Radioactive Lady by Elizabeth Stuckey-French Seventy-seven-year-old Marylou Ahearn is going to kill Dr. Wilson Spriggs come hell or high water. In 1953, he gave her a radioactive cocktail without her consent as part of a secret government study that had horrible consequences.  Marylou has been plotting her revenge for fifty years. When she accidentally discovers his whereabouts in Florida, her plans finally snap into action. Perfume River  by Robert Olen Butler From one of America’s most important writers,  Perfume River  is an exquisite novel that examines family ties and the legacy of the Vietnam War through the portrait of a single North Florida family. Robert Quinlan is a seventy-year-old historian, teaching at Florida State University, where his wife Darla is also tenured. Their marriage, forged in the fervor of anti-Vietnam-war protests, now bears the fractures of time, both personal and historical, with the couple trapped in an existence of morning coffee and solitary jogging and separate offices. Arcadia by Lauren Groff In the fields and forests of western New York State in the late 1960s, several dozen idealists set out to live off the land, founding what becomes a famous commune centered on the grounds of a decaying mansion called Arcadia House.  Arcadia  follows this lyrical, rollicking, tragic, and exquisite utopian dream from its hopeful start through its heyday and after. The story is told from the point of view of Bit, a fascinating character and the first child born in  Arcadia. This is my personal favorite novel of hers. Nonfiction by Florida Authors Talk Thai: The Adventures of Buddhist Boy by Ira Sukrungruang On one side of the door, the rich smell of sweet, spicy food and the calm of Buddhist devotion; on the other, the strangeness of a new land. Honestly, Ira has been one of my favorite nonfiction writers ever since I heard him read in undergrad. Hes one of those writers that deserves a little (okay, a lot of) fame. Lolas House: Filipino Women Living with War by M. Evelina Galang Lolas’ House  tells the stories, in unprecedented detail, of sixteen surviving Filipino “comfort women.” During World War II more than 1,000 Filipino women and girls were kidnapped by the Imperial Japanese Army. They were taken from their homes, snatched from roadsides, and chased down in fields. Overall the Japanese forced 400,000 women across Asia into sexual slavery. M. Evelina Galang began researching these stories in the 1990s as 173 lolas, “grannies” in Tagalog, emerged after decades of shame and silence to demand recognition and justice from the Japanese government. Sunshine State by Sarah Gerard In the collection’s title essay, Gerard volunteers at the Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary, a world renowned bird refuge. There she meets its founder, who once modeled with a pelican on his arm for a Dewar’s Scotch campaign but has since declined into a pit of fraud and madness. He becomes our embezzling protagonist whose tales about the birds he “rescues” never quite add up. Poetry by Florida Authors The Trouble with Humpadori by Vidhu Aggarwal Readers follows the progress of Hump (a.k.a. Humpadori, Hum, Om) a racialized, monstrous, performing entity that morphs across genders and commodity forms. Structured as a set of slapstick theatrical acts borrowing from American comedy routines and minstrel traditions, the book moves from lyric intimacy to predatory rage, examining the textures of feeling available to marginalized bodies in a globalized world. Big-Eyed Afraid by Erica Dawson Big-Eyed Afraid is a fast-paced, breathlessly witty and illuminating riff on the multiple effects of race, sex, biology and social pressure on who we are and how we see ourselves. Dawsons dazzling rhymes, her perfect pitch for an array of idioms ranging from the smutty to the sacred, and her extraordinary combination of metrical control and jazz-like syntactical elaboration make her work feel at one and the same time chiseled and improvised, traditional and utterly distinct. Alan Shapiro 90 Miles: Selected And New Poems by  Virgil Suarez Ninety miles separate Cuba and Key West, Florida. Crossing that distance, thousands of Cubans have lost their lives. For Cuban American poet Virgil Suárez, that expanse of ocean represents the state of exile, which he has imaginatively bridged in over two decades of compelling poetry. Scald by Denise Duhamel When her “smart” phone keeps asking her to autocorrect her name to Denise Richards, Denise Duhamel begins a journey that takes on celebrity, sex, reproduction, and religion with her characteristic wit and insight. The poems in  Scald  engage feminism in two waysâ€"committing to and battling withâ€"various principles and beliefs. Florida Poems by Campbell McGrath Moving effortlessly from prehistory to the space age, he catalogues Floridas natural wonders and historical figureheads, from Ponce de León to Walt Disney, William Bartram to Chuck E. Cheese the bewhiskered Mephistopheles of ring toss,/the diabolical vampire of our transcendent ideals.' Body Switch by Terri Witek A collection of personal, tragic, and wildly experimental poems that, to quote Erica Dawson, shapeshift before our eyes.' Special thanks to Terri for helping me compile this list. You can also check out her other books, Exit Island and Shipwreck Dress for more Floridian flavor. On the Street of Divine Love by Barbara Hamby Perhaps Paul Kareem Taylor said it best in his piece called  On the Road Again: Barbara Hambys American Odyssey: Reading Barbara Hambys poetry is like going on a road trip, one where the woman behind the wheel lets you ride shotgun as she speeds across the open highways of an America where drive-in movie theaters still show Janet Leigh films on Friday nights, hardware stores have not been driven out of business by soulless corporate titans, and where long poetic lines first introduced by Walt Whitman and resurrected by Ginsberg are pregnant with a thousand reasons to marvel at the world we inhabit.' Get Up, Please: Poems by David Kirby In comical and complex poems, David Kirby examines our extraordinarily human condition through the lens of our ordinary daily lives. These keenly observant poems range from the streets of India, Russia, Turkey, and Port Arthur, Texas, to the imaginations of fellow poets Keats and Rilke, and to ruminations on the mundane side of life via the imperfect sandwich. Mud Song by Terry Ann Thaxton A landscape of pine forests, palmettos, gopher tortoises and armadillos contains the clues that guide Terry Ann Thaxton s search for herself. As a fifth-generation Floridian, she knows, however, that the natural world is never more than a stone s throw away from its destruction. The path she follows takes her to the edge of the past s sinkholes and the daily chaos of roads forever under construction. These poems make sharp turns. Trauma is never far from beauty, desire never far from fear, and images are often as surprising as they are stunning. The Abridged History of Rainfall by Jay Hopler Jay Hoplers second collection, a mourning song for his father, is an elegy of uproar, a careening hymn to disaster and its aftermath. In lyric poems by turns droll and desolate, Hopler documents the struggle to live in the face of great loss, a task that sends him ranging through Floridas torrid subtropics, the mountains of the American West, the streets of Rome, and the Umbrian countryside. Slant Six by Erin Belieu Belieu oscillates between dark humor, self-consciousness, and pointed satire in a fourth collection that’s equal-opportunity in its critique. In the world of these poems, no one is innocent; everyone is confined to the complexity, absurdity, and, above all, fallibility of their human condition…. Anchoring the work is a conversational, lyrical speaker willing to implicate herself as part of the political and social constructs she criticizes, as when she depicts a Southern American culture still reeling from its history of social injustice  Publishers Weekly via Goodreads. Did I ungraciously leave out your favorite living Florida author? Add them plus your favorite book of theirs in the comments.

Essay on Marriage in Romeo and Juliet - 1448 Words

Marriage in Romeo and Juliet In Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, he portrays the idealistic perception of love in Shakespeare’s time. He shows how the partner’s wealth and social background was the main factor in marriage, as opposed to modern day passionate love, which is drawn by attraction and compatibility. Arranged marriages were accepted by the people from the time without any consideration of happiness. But if our parents controlled our marriages we would rebel excessively. In â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† it shows for the first time emotional attachment divergent to the conventional filial duty. In the play he shows love is the main ingredient to a strong unity. That there†¦show more content†¦Romeo relationship with Rosaline proved this, a couple days before he met Juliet he was madly in love with Rosaline, â€Å" a right good marksman, and she’s fair I love† showing that he is very capable of c hanging from one love to another, so maybe he doesn’t know what love really is? With Juliet only being 13 in our day its unconventional and a bit perverted and most importantly against the law. Although the setting of the play â€Å"Verona† suggests love was meant to happen here. The scene where they first meet builds up a lot of tension, the second he lays his eyes on her he says â€Å"if I profane with my unworthiness hand, this holy shrine, the gentle sin is this† Juliet’s response to this was â€Å"good pilgrim you do wrong your hand to much, which mannerly devotion shows this† the two quotes show a strong love connection, when they had only just met a second ago. Also if someone is willing to kill themselves because they think their lovers dead, it has to be true love, but then it could have been from the drive from their parents? Romeo is the type of person who loves everyone except his enemies. He shows love and hate towards everyone. Whenever he saw Juliet he would tell her how much he loved her, if he saw another Capulet he would start a fight, showing he has very mixed emotions. People generally have mixed emotions aboutShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Marriage In William Shakespeares Romeo And Juliet749 Words   |  3 PagesMarriage in the Renaissance was dramatically different than that of today. Generally, marriage was used for personal gain, such as a gain of wealth or social status or for sexual pleasure. The idea of marrying for love and happiness was infrequent, but not inexistent in the Renaissance. In William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, the two lovers share a passionate and powerful love that was rare in the time period, which resulted their tragic demise. Romeo’s irrational actions, such as going to theRead MoreThe Different Attitudes to Love and Marriage Presented in Rome o and Juliet1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe Different Attitudes to Love and Marriage Presented in Romeo and Juliet In â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, the characters of Juliet, the Nurse and the Capulets have different attitudes to love and marriage. The relationship between the characters reflects their attitudes for marriage. The Capulet’s have a distant relationship with their daughter Juliet, as was common in Shakespearean times. Juliet is much closer to the Nurse who knew her from birth and she is Juliet’s only friendRead MoreThe Representation of Love and Marriage in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet793 Words   |  4 PagesThe Representation of Love and Marriage in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In this essay I am going to examine love and marriage and the way it is presented in the play Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare is one of the most famous writers in British history. During Shakespeares time, attitudes to love and marriage were very different to the ways we are used to today. Love is presented as an intense and overwhelming force in the story and different forms of loveRead MoreWhy Count Paris Would Be a Better Husband Than Romeo809 Words   |  4 Pagesthan Romeo. For Juliet, Romeo was not the only man in her life. There was another man who wanted to marry the young Capulet. This man was Count Paris. Count Paris was a rich noble kinsman of the prince and much more settled than Romeo. The Capulets loved Paris more than Romeo which would leave no stress on family problems. Paris and Juliet could have been public about their marriage which was a luxury that Romeo and Juliet didn’t have. The County also didn’t get into as many fights as Romeo. AlsoRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1128 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. This play is centred on two adolescents, Romeo and Juliet who are blinded by love. Alas, the love that brought them together is ultimately what leads to their demise. The blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet can only rest on themselves. This is due to the facts that they formed a marriage hastily, they had a defective, sexually driven relationship, and they committed the mistakes of making lamentable decisions. Firstly, Romeo and Juliet worked rashly rushingRead MoreComparing The Parents And Child s Views On Marriage1187 Words   |  5 PagesViews on Marriage: Romeo and Juliet Love is an intricate and complex emotion that has varying amounts of true affection. One might think he is in love with someone, but once he meets a different person, he may change his affection. Generally people agree that love is the highest form of affection, an emotion that produces deeply happy feelings that few events can disrupt. This is true in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Both Romeo and Juliet are willing to die for their love of each other. Juliet originallyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1492 Words   |  6 PagesDeshal Desai Professor: Thomas Gilligan EN 358 29 July 2016 Romeo and Juliet The play Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, is known for its romantic tragedy between two star-crossed lovers and whose families are each other s enemies. The outcome of their own family’s enemy brings the death of the lovers. With all of the deaths, who is truly to blame for Romeo and Juliet s deaths? Friar Lawrence is most to blame for many obvious, yet overlooked reasons. If we look at some unusual situationsRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Romeo And Juliet By William Shakespeare976 Words   |  4 PagesThe tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, which represents love and sacrifice, is one of the most famous plays ever written by Shakespeare. The play was written in 1595 and published in 1597. Romeo and Juliet is a sad love story with feuding families, the Capulets and the Montagues. The play takes place in Verona, Italy. It contains the heart-breaking story of the stars-crossed lovers as they fall in love instantly. Friar Lawrence is the priest who married the couple. He marries them in hopes that the twoRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1549 Words   |  7 PagesOne of Shakespeare’s most eminent plays, Romeo and Juliet is a tale revolving around a pair of star-crossed lovers whose premature relationship must go undiscovered because of their feuding families. However, in the arduous process of protecting its secrecy, several essential figures including Romeo, Friar Lawrence and the theme of fate play decisive roles that hold responsibility in the turnout of events that lead to a tragic conclusion. Romeo, the lover himself is rebellious and desperate for loveRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Essay773 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeares Romeo and Juliet (Pearson Education, Boston, Massachusetts, 2007) is considered to be one of the greatest love stories ever told, but is not relevant to me. Romeo and Juliet tells the story of two â€Å"star-crossed lovers† who come from rival families, and face hardships on their attempt to be together. Romeo a nd Juliet is not culturally relevant to me because the characters and their experiences are dissimilar to events I undergo in my life. Romeo and Juliet is the story of two teenagers

Benefits Of A Student Loan Essay - 1055 Words

Half way through first semester of grad school and one should be concerned only with grades and papers but finances are also important due to owning a home, multiple books that were needed for classes and everyday living. Fortunately, my part time job offered to pay for my schooling and reimbursement for my books. The downside to accepting the offer was I had to quit my full time job and fully commit to the life of a full time grad student of Social Work with a paid internship. Decreasing my bills as much as possible and changing my lifestyle, I still needed financial help and saw no other option but to apply for a student loan. I currently have an undergrad student loan as well. When I graduate with my MSW I will be $26,000 in debt. A plan of ways to save money needs to begin as soon as possible and now is a fine time to start researching student debt relief. When The Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 was signed by President Obama it reformed part of the Direct Loan Program bringing about the name The Obama Student Loan Forgiveness Program also known as William D. Ford Direct Loan program. President Obama made changes such as: the federal government would no longer give up subsidies to private lending institutions for federally backed loans, borrowers of new loans starting in 2014 will qualify to make payments based on 10% of their discretionary income, new borrowers would also be eligible for students loan forgiveness after 20 years insteadShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of A Student Loan Debt991 Words   |  4 PagesWhen a student finally graduates from college there is this excitement that comes to you. You finally graduated and now can apply the things you have learned in the job or career you plan on. Unfortunately, it’s not that simple, many graduating student finds themselves in hug student loan debt. The numb ers are staggering: more than $1.2 trillion in outstanding student loan debt, 40 million borrowers, an average balance of $29,000. Men and women laboring under student debt are postponing marriageRead MoreStudent Loan Debt On College Students887 Words   |  4 PagesStudent Loan Debt on College Students Student loans are becoming more and more of a problem for college students all across the United States. As college tuition has significantly increased over the past years, it has become extremely common for most college students to finance their education through student loans. Tuition has become so expensive that it is almost unheard of for a student to pay for their tuition out of pocket or by working for their education part time. As the result ofRead MoreStudent Loan Program Should Not Be Paid781 Words   |  4 PagesPresident Barack Obama s budget last month sparked growing concerns that student loan forgiveness - specifically for graduate school student debt - will cost taxpayers much more than originally estimated. As the Student Loan Ranger discussed previously, the president s budget shows a shortfall of approximately $21 billion for the federal student loan programs, in large part due to a projection of more borrowers taking advantage of loan forgiveness after making 10 to 25 years of income-based payments. AccordingRead MoreBenefits Of Borrowing Money While At The Same Time Should You Borrow993 Words   |  4 Pagesborrowing for higher education whether the funds come from family or student loans its always an issue of is there enough money for expenses while attending college. There are benefits of borrowing money while at the same time should you borrow. 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How Did John F. Kennedy Act Through the Cuban Missile Crisis Free Essays

The Cuban missile crisis of 1962 brought the world to the brink of nuclear war. What was at stake in the crisis, and how do you assess President Kennedy’s response to Khrushchev’s provocation? Was Kennedy prudent or rash, suitably tough or needlessly belligerent? By Jeremy Leung 299722 USA The World 131-236 The Cuban Missile Crisis was perhaps the closest that humankind had ever become to experiencing a thermonuclear war. In October 1962, the world watched perilously, as U. We will write a custom essay sample on How Did John F. Kennedy Act Through the Cuban Missile Crisis or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. president John F. Kennedy warned his people of the amalgamation of Soviet arms in Cuba. John F. Kennedy refused to accept â€Å"offensive† Soviet artillery in such close proximity to the U. S. , but Soviet chairman Nikita Khrushchev had already planned a stealthily build-up. Kennedy henceforth demanded Khrushchev to disassemble offensive artillery and employed a strict naval quarantine, an action that Khrushchev initially refused and deemed â€Å"illegal†. For several days, as two of the world’s superpower’s refused to meet an agreement, the world faced the daunting and horrifying prospect of a nuclear war. Eventually, Khrushchev had accepted a peaceful resolution, as he withdrew Soviet offensive arms in return for a promise that the U. S. would not invade Cuba. With the Soviet exodus from Cuba, President Kennedy’s popularity had risen sharply as journalists labelled him the â€Å"architect of a great diplomatic victory. †[1] Kennedy’s ability to remain calm under the pressure of a potential nuclear war had won praise from his colleagues and the American public, who rewarded him with re-election. In a diametrically opposed view, conservatives assert his actions were not decisive enough in securing America’s national security. This essay will seek to analyse both the praise and the criticism in evaluating John F. Kennedy’s actions through the peaceful resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis. For many Americans, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and in particular the build-up of Soviet arms within Cuba represented a time in which their national security and safety was at stake. This build-up of Soviet missiles in Cuba was deemed by the media as â€Å"an action aimed to inflicting an almost mortal wound on us†[2]. This impending threat was dealt with such severity that a committee was formed that comprised of U. S. government officials who were to advise President John F. Kennedy on important matters. As a senior member of the committee, which was known as the Executive Committee of the National Security Council (ExComm), Treasury Secretary Douglas Dillion remarked â€Å"The crisis was unique in the sense that it was the first time that there was a real, imminent, potential threat to the physical safety and well being of American citizens†. [3] This observation from Dillon portrays the fear that much of the American public felt, who taught and prepared their children through schools to â€Å"duck and cover† in the event of a nuclear war. 4] Yet, it appeared at the time that the build-up of arms within Cuba was not only a confrontation to the U. S. , but a direct threat to national security that was felt and feared by both the public and leading politicians. To substantiate this, Defence Secretary Robert McNamara recalled on the 27th October, â€Å"As I left the white house and walked through my garden to my car to return to the pentagon on the beautiful fall evening, I feared I might never live to see another Saturday night†. 5] In addition to this, Robert Kennedy wrote afterwards that the world was brought â€Å"to the abyss of nuclear destruction and the end of mankind†. [6] Both these accounts demonstrate the extreme severity in which Congress perceived the Soviet threat. On the 26th of September, U. S. Congress voted strongly in favour to â€Å"prevent in Cuba the creation or use of an externally supported military capability endangering the security of the United States† with a 386-7 majority in the House of Representatives, and an 86-1 majority in the Senate. 7] This represents an overwhelming view in both houses of the U. S. Congress that action needed to be taken upon the build-up of nuclear arms in Cuba. The reasons why McNamara and Kennedy and other U. S. politicians were so fearful of a nuclear was because according to U. S. analysts at the time, the 24 MRBM’s (Medium range-ba llistic missiles) and sixteen IRBM’s (intermediate-range ballistic missiles) that were found in Cuba had significantly increased the number of U. S. targets that the Soviet’s could lethally attack by forty percent. 8] Furthermore, having missiles within Cuba allowed the Soviets to bypass the U. S. warning radars, especially the Ballistics Missile Early Warning system, which was stationed in the North Pole. [9] By bypassing the U. S. warning radars, it certainly amplified the risk of a surprise strike upon certain American air bases and important command posts. [10] To address this risk, the U. S. army went from â€Å"Defence Condition Five† (peacetime alert) to â€Å"Defcon 3† (war alert) which further illustrated the high levels of precautions the U. S. government were taking in order to protect itself from an offensive attack from the Soviet. [11] It was quite clear from these precautions that the impending nuclear threat in Cuba threatened the lives of American civilians, troops, and government officials. In the event that the situation escalated out of control, the two world superpowers could have engaged in a third World War that, with nuclear technology had the potential to kill hundreds of millions of civilians and soldiers. 12] Fortunately, the Cuban Mission Crisis never escalated this far, as Kennedy maintained control of the situation and eventually caused the Soviet’s to retreat. Kennedy’s actions in peacefully resolving the Cuban Missile Crisis demonstrated responsibility and purposefulness, which overall had confirmed public confidence in the President. In the first ExComm meeting, evidence was presented of medium-range missiles in Cuba that had the potential to hit Washington, Dallas, St. Louis, and all Strategic Air Command bases in between. 13] Soon after, further evidence was presented to ExComm of the development of 1,000-mile medium-range ballistic missiles and 2,200 mile intermediate-range ballistic missiles. It was also predicted by the experts presenting this evidence that forty nuclear warheads had the capacity to hit targets as far as Wyoming and Montana. [14] Robert Kennedy had predicted that these arms had the power and potential to kill as many as eighty million Americans. [15] President John F. Kennedy was faced with two important options; to implement a naval blockade, or to invade Cuba beginning with an air-strike. 16] Kennedy decided upon enforcing a naval quarantine in Cuba, which was later labelled by Khrushchev as â€Å"outright banditry† and an action that would push â€Å"mankind to the abyss of a world missile nuclear war†. [17] The quarantine was a first step that involved confiscating all offensive military equipment that was being shipped to Cuba. If, in the event Khrushchev refused to remove Soviet missiles, John F. Kennedy promised â€Å"further action† would be taken. [18] As the leaders of the two superpowers stood eyeball to eyeball, and the world braced itself for a possibility for a thermonuclear war, Khrushchev had agreed to ithdrawal weapons that Kennedy had deemed offensive, while Kennedy pledged not to invade Cuba. [19] The U. S. response, in the form of a blockade was a wise choice as it applied the greatest level of force upon the Soviet Union while minimizing the risk of a thermonuclear war. Traditionalists, supported to this choice. Traditionalists refer to the individuals who advocated the traditional interpretation, and were coincidentally the individuals who wrote the most content during Cuban Missile Crisis. 20] Sorensen, a traditionalist, who was also an advisor to Kennedy, believed that Kennedy responded superbly to the crisis, as he conducted himself in a responsible and composed matter thr oughout his confrontation with Khrushchev. [21] Sorensen believed that this was perhaps the President’s finest hour, as he â€Å"never lost sight of what either war or surrender would do to the whole human race†¦ [And] he was determined to take all necessary action and no unnecessary action†. [22] Sorensen also noted the fact that Kennedy had not just national interests in mind but, civilians in other countries. Sorensen named this the â€Å"Kennedy Legacy† which he defined as â€Å"a pervasive sense of responsibility for the future of our children†¦ for those who live in the country and those who live in other lands†. [23] It appeared that through Sorensen’s recount of the events leading up to the peaceful resolution of the Cuban Missile crisis show admiration for Kennedy’s actions, as he believed Kennedy remained in control of events, despite being constantly provoked by Khrushchev. Sorensen also highlighted the Presidents poise in the confrontation, as he refused the temptation of making a reckless decision to attack Cuba and thus start a nuclear war. Like Sorensen, Robert Kennedy described every American, in the aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis, as feeling â€Å"a sense of pride in the strength, purposefulness and the courage of the President of the United States†. [24] Furthermore, McGeorge Bundy, another traditionalist member of Excomm, praised President Kennedy for â€Å"his personal management of the nuclear confrontation. †[25] Similarly to Bobby Kennedy and Sorensen, Bundy acknowledged, and commended the President’s â€Å"strength, restraint and respect for the opinions of mankind. [26] It is quite clear through these personal recounts of Bundy, Sorensen, and Kennedy, that there was a consistent view across Excomm and the traditionalists that President John F. Kennedy demonstrated decisiveness, intelligence, and compassion while seeking to mitigate the risk of war by causing Khrushchev to compromise. These traits were also seen by the American public with public opinion approval ratings increasing to eighty percent after the crisis, as journalists compared him to past heroes such as Wilson and Roosevelt. 27] Overall, President Kennedy’s actions within the Cuban Missile Crisis not only led to great respect by his colleagues and the public, but more importantly reduced Cold War tensions between Russia and the U. S. A. This was evident in the aftermath of the Cold War that saw an installation of a phone link that allowed direct communication between Russian and American leaders, along with the signing of a nuclear test ban treaty which endorsed a harmonious coexistence between the two superpowers. [28] Within the waves of praise towards the United States President for his dealings with the Soviets, there were also few individuals who voiced their concerns over certain decisions Kennedy made. Following questionable decisions by Kennedy that led to the Bay of Pigs fiasco, the U. S. policy within Cuba only consisted of diplomatic and economic means, and only until later were trade restrictions forced. Thus, for a period of two years leading up to the Cuban Missile Crisis, John F. Kennedy allowed the Soviet’s amalgamate a significant amount of arms provided they were â€Å"defensive. Using this word â€Å"defensive†, the American President was justifying and legitimizing the build-up of arms in the backyard of the U. S, as it allowed Cuba to asseverate itself as the hemisphere’s third largest military authority. [29] By Kennedy’s failure to initiate an intrusion upon Cuba’s burgeoning military at an early, yet critical point, it communicated to the S oviet’s that there was possibility for them to upset the balance of power within any country, as long as they were granted authorization by local governments. By not invading Cuba, the Soviet’s and Cubans proceeded to integrate armed forces that had the potential to cause serious damage upon Western civilization, power and influence. In addition to failing to stop the military build-up in Cuba, there was also controversy in Kennedy’s decision to implement a naval quarantine in Cuba. Kennedy’s choice to quarantine, rather than imposing a full air-strike upon Cuba had its weakness. At this critical point within the Cuban Missile Crisis, this provided the U. S. n opportunity to impose a severe defeat upon its enemy. The moment of crisis, the threat of communism, along with the risk of perhaps disruptive world peace all suggested that Kennedy could have caused a decisive answer to the problems escalating in Cuba. Kennedy’s government, instead of quarantining Cuba from naval imports, could have forcibly demanded the departure of Russians, along with their weapons within Cuba altogether. [30] This would have not only eliminated Russian threat within close proximity to the U. S, but could have also provided the Cuban people with a democratic republic that consisted of free elections under UN supervision. [31] Kennedy instead, elected for a naval blockade, which could have potentially left open a possibility for the Soviet’s to import arms via the air. In addition to this, the blockade failed to give the U. S. any assurance or certainty that the Soviets would retreat from Cuba. If, however, Kennedy elected for an invasion and demanded Khrushchev to leave, it would have eliminated all doubt of a Soviet retreat and ensured the protection of America’s national security. Overall, throughout the Cuban Missile Crisis, the world sat perilously as the two superpowers engaged in a confrontational battle that had the potential to escalate into a possible third world war with overwhelmingly destructive consequences. In two world wars, millions of people were slaughtered in battles that continued over years; however it was possible, with the advent of nuclear technology that hundreds of millions of civilians and soldiers could die within hours. 32] Khrushchev continued to use Soviet resources to accumulate a large missile base within Cuba in America’s backyard, which called for President John F. Kennedy to act and protect the national security of the U. S. In deciding on implementing a naval quarantine around Cuba, Kennedy avoided an airstrike and possible invasion, by giving his opponent time to reassess his actions. Through constant pressure from Khrushchev, Kennedy stood decisive and resolute, as he resisted the temptation of gambling with the safe ty of the world and continued to monitor the sea and intercept suspicious naval activity around Cuba. Kennedy proceeded and continued to implement the blockade, which was clearly an attempt to avoid any direct military means, by providing Khrushchev with a threat of danger, yet also allowing him with the option to retreat. Although this was seen as â€Å"weak† from conservatives, it is important that Kennedy always continued to pressure his Soviet counterpart whenever he sensed hesitation or deception. [33] Kennedy never wielded from his objective, as he forced a peaceful resolution that left his colleagues in awe of his poise and determination dealing with such a crisis. Thus, by Kennedy reacting in a suitably tough fashion, Khruschev provided the U. S. President with the ultimate accolade that if he â€Å"had been in the White House, instead of the Kremlin, [he] would have acted like Kennedy. [34] Words: 2562 Bibliography Primary Resources Blight, James Welch, David. Cuba on the Brink: Castro, the Missile Crisis and the Soviet Collapse. New York: Pantheon Books, 1993. Bundy, McGeorge. Danger and Survival: Choices about the bomb in the first fifty years. New York: Random House, 1988 Bundy, McGeorge. â€Å"The Presidency and the Peace†, Foreign Affairs 42 (1964). Kennedy, Robert. Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: W. W. Norton, 1969 Lowenthal, David. â€Å"U. S. Cuban Policy: Illusion and Reality†, National Review (1963) McNamara, Robert. Blundering into Disaster: Surviving the First Century of the Nuclear Age. London: Bloomsbury 1987 Munton, Don Welch, David. A. The Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Sorensen, Theodore. Kennedy. New York: MacMillan, 1969. Sorensen, Theodore. The Kennedy Legacy. New York: Harper and Row, 1965 Secondary Resources Divine, Robert A. The Cuban Missile Crisis. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971. Garthoff, Raymond. â€Å"The Meaning of the Missiles†. Washington Quarterly 5 (1982), 78 Horelick, Arnold. The Cuban Missile Crisis: An analysis of Soviet calculations and behaviour. World Politics (1964) Medland, William. The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962: Needless or Necessary. New York: Praeger Publishers,, 1988. Scott, Len. The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Threat of Nuclear War. London: Continuum Books, 2007. ———————– [1]Robert Divine, The Cuban Missile Crisis, (Toronto: Burns and MacEachern1971), 4. 2] David Lowenthal, â€Å"US Cuban Policy: Illusion and Reality†, National Review, 29 January 1963, 63, quoted in Arnold L. Horelick, â€Å"The Cuban Missile Crisis: An Analysis of Soviet Calculations and Behaviour†, World Politics 16/3 (April 1963), 64 [3] James Blight David Welch, â€Å"Cuba on the Brink: Castro, the Missile Crisis and the Soviet Collapse: (New York: Pantheon Books, 1993), 163 [4] Len Scott, The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Threat of Nuclear War: (London: Continuum Books, 2007), 48. [5] Robert McNamara, Blundering into Diaster: Surviving the First Century of the Nuclear Age (London: Bloomsbury, 1987), 11. 6] Robert Kennedy, Thirteen Days, The Cuban Missile Crisis (London: Pan Books, 1969), 27. [7] McGeorge Bundy, Danger and Survival: Choices about the Bomb in the first fifty years (New York: Random House, 1988), 391. [8] Raymond Garthoff, â€Å"Memo on the Military Significance of the Soviet Missiles Bases in Cuba,† October 27, 1962. Department of State declassifified document, reprinted in Garthoff, â€Å"The Meaning of the Missiles,† Washington Quarterly 5, no. 4 (Autumn 1982), 78 [9] Scott, The Cuban Missile Crisis, 48. [10] Ibid, 48 [11] Divine, The Cuban Missile Crisis, 61. 12] Don Munton and David A. Welch, The Cuban Missile Crisis (Oxford University Press: New York, 2007), 1. [13] Willia m J. Medland The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962: Needless or Necessary (Praeger Publishers: New York, 1988), 4. [14] Ibid, 5. [15] Divine, The Cuban Missile Crisis, 28. [16] Ibid, 28 [17] Medland, Needless or Necessary, 38. [18] Divine, The Cuban Missile Crisis, 61 [19] Munton and Welch The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1. [20] Divine, The Cuban Missile Crisis, 35 [21] Theodore C. Sorensen, Kennedy (New York: Harper and Row, 1965; paperback ed. New York: Bantam Books, 1966, 795. [22] Ibid, 795. [23] Theodore C. Sorensen, The Kennedy Legacy (New York: Macmillan, 1969), 274. [24] Kennedy, Thirteen days, 67. [25] McGeorge, Bundy, â€Å"The Presidency and the Peace,† Foreign Affairs 42 (April 1964): 353-365 [26] Ibid. , 359 [27] Divine, The Cuban Missile Crisis, 58. [28] Medland, Needless or Necessary, 56. [29] Lowenthal, US Cuban Policy, 61. [30] Divine, The Cuban Missile Crisis, 91. [31] Ibid, 93. [32] Munton and Welch The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1. [33] Divine, The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1 01. [34] Ibid, 104 How to cite How Did John F. Kennedy Act Through the Cuban Missile Crisis, Papers

Literature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management Essay Example

Literature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management Paper Literature review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management Introduction Staffing is one of the main functions on Human Resource Management, refer to International Human Resource Management perspective, staffing will be more important on the managing by the headquartered company to their subsidiaries in order to gain more competitive advantage for them. As a company want to achieve the mind of globalization, they must choose a suitable staffing approach in order to doing business successfully not only in the domestic also in the international environment. Maral Muratbekova-Touron (2008) stated that â€Å"One of the main issues facing the development of the global companies has always been to find the right balance between the local autonomy between subsidiaries and the control of the corporate headquarters. †, it related to how the company recruit and select their staffs in their subsidiaries. In the present paper will concentrate on the international staffing approaches in global companies, and there has four different approaches to managing and staffing their international subsidiaries. The following literature reviews will attempt to explain that four approaches and point out what is the advantage and disadvantage of each approach in the internationalization process of the company. Approaches to Managing and Staffing Global Subsidiaries In research text book by Ball, et al. (2008), it was explained these four approaches in detail, they are Ethnocentric approach, Polycentric approach, Geocentric approach and Regiocentric Approach. Ethnocentric approach is related to the company employing and promoting the Parent-country nationals (PCNs) in their subsidiaries which the employee are the citizen of the nation in the parent company; Polycentric approach is related to employing and promoting the Host-country nationals (HCNs) in their subsidiaries which the employees are the citizen of the nation in the operating subsidiaries; Geocentric approach is related to the company employing and promoting the employees base on their ability and experience, this approach can refer the ompany select the best person for the job without any consideration of the citizenship; and Regiocentric approach is related to the company employing and promoting the employees which they are the citizen on the basis of the specific region in the operating subsidiaries, it can be HCNs or Third-country nationals (TCNs) which the employees are the citizen of neither the parent company nation nor the host country. Ball, et al. 2008) Ethnocentric ap proach refer to the staffing policy base on the PCNs, therefore the clear advantages come up immediately for the headquarters are the communication and control, the PCNs are familiar the policies and practices or working-style of the headquarters, or the PCN staff was training in the headquarters already. (Ball, et al. 2008) We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As Kathy Monks, et al. 2001) stated â€Å"In the very early stages of internationalization, the staffing policies of the majority were largely ethnocentric in character, an approach which is relatively common at this stage in the internationalization process where a company is setting up a new business process or product in another country, and knowledge of the company’s culture and reporting systems is considered essential†, it shows the Ethnocentric approach are common at the early stage of internationalization process in the multinational or transnational companies, because the controlling and communicating is very important at that stage, therefore, the companies would like to employ the PCNs in order to fully control their subsidiaries at the early stage of internationalization process. Another reason also make Ethnocentric approach are common at the internationalization process is the cost of the company. As Brewster (1988, pg. 18 ) noted, â€Å"Despite the impor tance of expatriate positions, the high costs associated with expatriation and the extensive and largely non-productive â€Å"running-in† periods, it is still the case that most organizations provide no formal training for expatriation†. Overall Ethnocentric approach implies a centralized system with authority high at headquarters with much communication in the form of orders, commands, and advice. Standards for evaluation and control will also be determined centrally and with low pressures for cost reduction and low pressure for local (subsidiary) responsiveness. But the disadvantages of Ethnocentric approach such as the PCNs have language barriers or they have different culture background with the local (subsidiary) customer, it may result a high cost training in long term or the PCNs may not familiar the positions or demands of the local (subsidiary) marketplace. (Ball, et al. 2008; Norma D’Annunzio-Green, 1997) Polycentric approach refer to the staffing policy base on the HCNs, as Christoph Dorrenbacher, et al. (2010) stated â€Å"HCNs on the other hand are seen as basically having a local (subsidiary) orientation, due to their socialization in the host country and their familiarity with the social, political and economic environment of the host country† It can show Polycentric approach provide a high level of local responsiveness in the subsidiaries. It can be prove by another research article, Norma D’Annunzio-Green (1997) also stated â€Å"Polycentric approach implies a widely dispersed authority, little communication between headquarters and subsidiary, and standards for evaluation and control mostly determined locally. There for the less control and order from the headquarters to the subsidiary will be made, the subsidiary also start to be independent in their local area, that mean the company start to doing well and the business is stable in the local (subsidiary) area. The Polycentric approach also has other advantages such as reduce the cost of the local (subsidiary) training programs, and the headquarters will get more information or hints of the local (subsidiary) market development or competition. But according to the non-close relationships between the headquarters and subsidiaries, the subsidiaries are often unfamiliar with the headquarters’ corporate culture, policies and practices. (Ball, et al. 2008) Geocentric approach refer to the staffing policy base on the ability of the staffs, no matter where are they come from, Banai (1999) stated †The geocentric staffing policy seeks the best people for key jobs throughout the organization regardless of their nationality† And Norma D’Annunzio-Green (1997) also stated â€Å"The geocentric ideal involves more integration between centre and subsidiaries to ensure close co-operation between the different parts of the organization, and implementing both universal and local standards for evaluation and control. †It point out the Geocentric approach can bring a lots of different experience and different corporation practices rom the staffs, through these different experience and corporation, the firm can has a better performance in the international co-operation of the company and it also facilitates the development of an international team, and the international team can fully managing the local subsidiary, and they ca n managing the other subsidiary in different area. But Geocentric approach may cost more (both on money and time) on the training or other issue such as working permit. (Ball, et al. 2008) Timothy Dean Keeley (2001) gave a very good conclusion of the Geocentric approach, he noted â€Å"Geocentric firms seek to co-ordinate decision-making among the subsidiaries and headquarters. The organization is balanced between centralized and decentralized in order to effectively and efficiently employ all types of resources on a global basis. † Therefore the subsidiary can be considered as more independent in the international market which managing by the international team. Regiocentric approach refer to the staffing policy base on the region of the subsidiaries, it is without consideration of the nations of citizenship. Therefore it can be HCNs or TCNs and it has similar function of the Geocentric approach. Farrokh Safavi (1991) stated â€Å"A regiocentric orientation has assumed that management development needs within a geographic region are sufficiently similar for application of a unified approach, but different from the needs of other regions. † And the Ball, et al. (2008) point out a disadvantage of the regiocentric, he stated â€Å"The disadvantages often encountered when using employees from the home or host country can sometimes be avoided by sending third country nationals (TCNs) to fill management posts. In the International Human Resource Management, Regiocentric approach is slightly similar with the Geocentric approach, but the Regiocentric approach is limit to consider on the local region and the Geocentric approach is more consider on the global basis. Conclusion Overall the literature reviews above, the different staffing approach was give different effect in the internationalization process of the company, but we can find out, the different approach can apply in the different stage of the company. The Ethnocentric approach refer to the early stage of the internationalization process, because during the early stage, the company need a fully control of the subsidiaries, and they need the subsidiaries fully achieve the order from the headquarters, therefore, the ethnocentric approach will suitable in the early stage of the internationalization process. After the early stage, the company want to increase the competitive advantage of the subsidiaries, therefore, the polycentric approach can increase the local responsiveness and they need to have better knowledge of the local marketplace, so the polycentric approach will suitable in this middle stage; In the finally stage, the company want to have both function from the ethnocentric approach and the polycentric, they need to complete the internationalization process in order to become a global company, therefore the geocentric approach and regiocentric approach will apply in this stage, it can help to company to develop an international team to manage all the subsidiaries of the company. It can prove by James Kelly, as she stated in the article â€Å"companies become more international they usually develop from ethnocentric to polycentric and finally geocentric or regiocentric staffing and development policy†. Therefore the geocentric and Regiocentric can be consider as a expan sion of the polycentric approach. Literature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management Essay Example Literature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management Essay Literature review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management Introduction Staffing is one of the main functions on Human Resource Management, refer to International Human Resource Management perspective, staffing will be more important on the managing by the headquartered company to their subsidiaries in order to gain more competitive advantage for them. As a company want to achieve the mind of globalization, they must choose a suitable staffing approach in order to doing business successfully not only in the domestic also in the international environment. Maral Muratbekova-Touron (2008) stated that â€Å"One of the main issues facing the development of the global companies has always been to find the right balance between the local autonomy between subsidiaries and the control of the corporate headquarters. †, it related to how the company recruit and select their staffs in their subsidiaries. In the present paper will concentrate on the international staffing approaches in global companies, and there has four different approaches to managing and staffing their international subsidiaries. The following literature reviews will attempt to explain that four approaches and point out what is the advantage and disadvantage of each approach in the internationalization process of the company. Approaches to Managing and Staffing Global Subsidiaries In research text book by Ball, et al. (2008), it was explained these four approaches in detail, they are Ethnocentric approach, Polycentric approach, Geocentric approach and Regiocentric Approach. Ethnocentric approach is related to the company employing and promoting the Parent-country nationals (PCNs) in their subsidiaries which the employee are the citizen of the nation in the parent company; Polycentric approach is related to employing and promoting the Host-country nationals (HCNs) in their subsidiaries which the employees are the citizen of the nation in the operating subsidiaries; Geocentric approach is related to the company employing and promoting the employees base on their ability and experience, this approach can refer the ompany select the best person for the job without any consideration of the citizenship; and Regiocentric approach is related to the company employing and promoting the employees which they are the citizen on the basis of the specific region in the operating subsidiaries, it can be HCNs or Third-country nationals (TCNs) which the employees are the citizen of neither the parent company nation nor the host country. Ball, et al. 2008) Ethnocentric ap proach refer to the staffing policy base on the PCNs, therefore the clear advantages come up immediately for the headquarters are the communication and control, the PCNs are familiar the policies and practices or working-style of the headquarters, or the PCN staff was training in the headquarters already. (Ball, et al. 2008) We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Literature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As Kathy Monks, et al. 2001) stated â€Å"In the very early stages of internationalization, the staffing policies of the majority were largely ethnocentric in character, an approach which is relatively common at this stage in the internationalization process where a company is setting up a new business process or product in another country, and knowledge of the company’s culture and reporting systems is considered essential†, it shows the Ethnocentric approach are common at the early stage of internationalization process in the multinational or transnational companies, because the controlling and communicating is very important at that stage, therefore, the companies would like to employ the PCNs in order to fully control their subsidiaries at the early stage of internationalization process. Another reason also make Ethnocentric approach are common at the internationalization process is the cost of the company. As Brewster (1988, pg. 18 ) noted, â€Å"Despite the impor tance of expatriate positions, the high costs associated with expatriation and the extensive and largely non-productive â€Å"running-in† periods, it is still the case that most organizations provide no formal training for expatriation†. Overall Ethnocentric approach implies a centralized system with authority high at headquarters with much communication in the form of orders, commands, and advice. Standards for evaluation and control will also be determined centrally and with low pressures for cost reduction and low pressure for local (subsidiary) responsiveness. But the disadvantages of Ethnocentric approach such as the PCNs have language barriers or they have different culture background with the local (subsidiary) customer, it may result a high cost training in long term or the PCNs may not familiar the positions or demands of the local (subsidiary) marketplace. (Ball, et al. 2008; Norma D’Annunzio-Green, 1997) Polycentric approach refer to the staffing policy base on the HCNs, as Christoph Dorrenbacher, et al. (2010) stated â€Å"HCNs on the other hand are seen as basically having a local (subsidiary) orientation, due to their socialization in the host country and their familiarity with the social, political and economic environment of the host country† It can show Polycentric approach provide a high level of local responsiveness in the subsidiaries. It can be prove by another research article, Norma D’Annunzio-Green (1997) also stated â€Å"Polycentric approach implies a widely dispersed authority, little communication between headquarters and subsidiary, and standards for evaluation and control mostly determined locally. There for the less control and order from the headquarters to the subsidiary will be made, the subsidiary also start to be independent in their local area, that mean the company start to doing well and the business is stable in the local (subsidiary) area. The Polycentric approach also has other advantages such as reduce the cost of the local (subsidiary) training programs, and the headquarters will get more information or hints of the local (subsidiary) market development or competition. But according to the non-close relationships between the headquarters and subsidiaries, the subsidiaries are often unfamiliar with the headquarters’ corporate culture, policies and practices. (Ball, et al. 2008) Geocentric approach refer to the staffing policy base on the ability of the staffs, no matter where are they come from, Banai (1999) stated †The geocentric staffing policy seeks the best people for key jobs throughout the organization regardless of their nationality† And Norma D’Annunzio-Green (1997) also stated â€Å"The geocentric ideal involves more integration between centre and subsidiaries to ensure close co-operation between the different parts of the organization, and implementing both universal and local standards for evaluation and control. †It point out the Geocentric approach can bring a lots of different experience and different corporation practices rom the staffs, through these different experience and corporation, the firm can has a better performance in the international co-operation of the company and it also facilitates the development of an international team, and the international team can fully managing the local subsidiary, and they ca n managing the other subsidiary in different area. But Geocentric approach may cost more (both on money and time) on the training or other issue such as working permit. (Ball, et al. 2008) Timothy Dean Keeley (2001) gave a very good conclusion of the Geocentric approach, he noted â€Å"Geocentric firms seek to co-ordinate decision-making among the subsidiaries and headquarters. The organization is balanced between centralized and decentralized in order to effectively and efficiently employ all types of resources on a global basis. † Therefore the subsidiary can be considered as more independent in the international market which managing by the international team. Regiocentric approach refer to the staffing policy base on the region of the subsidiaries, it is without consideration of the nations of citizenship. Therefore it can be HCNs or TCNs and it has similar function of the Geocentric approach. Farrokh Safavi (1991) stated â€Å"A regiocentric orientation has assumed that management development needs within a geographic region are sufficiently similar for application of a unified approach, but different from the needs of other regions. † And the Ball, et al. (2008) point out a disadvantage of the regiocentric, he stated â€Å"The disadvantages often encountered when using employees from the home or host country can sometimes be avoided by sending third country nationals (TCNs) to fill management posts. In the International Human Resource Management, Regiocentric approach is slightly similar with the Geocentric approach, but the Regiocentric approach is limit to consider on the local region and the Geocentric approach is more consider on the global basis. Conclusion Overall the literature reviews above, the different staffing approach was give different effect in the internationalization process of the company, but we can find out, the different approach can apply in the different stage of the company. The Ethnocentric approach refer to the early stage of the internationalization process, because during the early stage, the company need a fully control of the subsidiaries, and they need the subsidiaries fully achieve the order from the headquarters, therefore, the ethnocentric approach will suitable in the early stage of the internationalization process. After the early stage, the company want to increase the competitive advantage of the subsidiaries, therefore, the polycentric approach can increase the local responsiveness and they need to have better knowledge of the local marketplace, so the polycentric approach will suitable in this middle stage; In the finally stage, the company want to have both function from the ethnocentric approach and the polycentric, they need to complete the internationalization process in order to become a global company, therefore the geocentric approach and regiocentric approach will apply in this stage, it can help to company to develop an international team to manage all the subsidiaries of the company. It can prove by James Kelly, as she stated in the article â€Å"companies become more international they usually develop from ethnocentric to polycentric and finally geocentric or regiocentric staffing and development policy†. Therefore the geocentric and Regiocentric can be consider as a expan sion of the polycentric approach.