Human Factors in Aviation Essay Example

Human Factors in Aviation Essay Which leads us to the question, where does the future of transportation lead us? Many sci-fi movies in in the past, depict the futuristic details of mankind living in the world with flying vehicles. According to the movie Back To The Future 2, we should be able to produce and and use flying automobiles, hovering skateboards and the ability transport through time by the year 2015. In our case in the year 2011, that probability doesnt seem too likely.The problem is not only the production of such types to create a faster, sleaker, or more efficient transport vehicle, but the new rules and regulations that need to be put forth into introducing the vehicle into modern day airways, roads and waterways. For example, as we understand, automobiles are normally controlled and regulated by the DMV and air transportation are usually monitored and controlled by the FAA.With the two very independant entities, with very different responsibilities, the combination of the two creates a completely ne w organization. Or, will the DMV still control the grounds portion and the FAA remain with the airways? If that is the case, who controls the middle? I the flying vehicle crashes mid air, who takes the responsibility? Regardless of the matter, the future of transportation must move on, to a better more reliant and a more economically friendly future. That is exactly what the future of transportation is, It moves. Society and mobility is going to transform quite a bit over the next 50 to 100 years, predicts Mark Moore, an aerospace engineer at NASAs Langley Research Center in Virginia. He adds that there are five practical considerations to take into account when designing the transport of the future: efficiency and environmental friendliness, community friendliness (meaning that it doesnt make a lot of noise), safety and reliability, ease of use (meaning that it should be semi-autonomous or as easy to use as a car), and, of course, affordability. ttp://www. good. is/post/planes-trai ns-and-automobiles-of-the-future/ In the past few decades there has been a lot of hue and cry about environment awareness and saving our beloved planet and the whole issue of global warming overall. Rightly so, as there has been an excessive use of exhaustible sources of energy and fuel. In an attempt to provide solutions to this problem, alternative fuels are being experimented with for running vehicles and other motor operated things.The reason being to get eco-friendly fuels and to delay the exhaustion of fossil fuels. Electrochemical cells are such an alternative fuel, which is very frequently used in electric and hybrid cars as well. Now even though these electric cars are claimed to be eco friendly and not adding to the deterioration of the environment, there are some other factors which have to be considered in electric cars.By Medha Godbole Published: 8/19/2010 http://www. buzzle. com/articles/electric-cars-pros-and-cons. html

Elizabeth Cady Stanton essays

Elizabeth Cady Stanton essays Elizabeth Cadys older brother Eleazer, died when she was eleven years old. He was the only son of Judge Daniel Cady and Margaret Livingston Cady. Eleazer was the pride of the wealthy and conservative Cady family. Soon after Eleazers death, Elizabeth hopped onto her fathers lap. At first he paid no attention to her as she laid her head against his chest. Finally, her father sighed, Oh my daughter, I wish you were a boy! Elizabeth Cady then proceeded to spend great amounts of time studying and horseback riding, hoping to fill the void that her brother left. Learning in an academy full of boys, she pressed on, studying Latin, Greek and math with boys in the academy, and she became one of the top students. Soon, Elizabeth realized that taking action to succeed and becoming self-reliant was shaping her into in her own words, a very extraordinary woman. After graduating from Troy Female Seminary in New York (she was not allowed to attend mens colleges), Elizabeth Cady met Henry Stanton, who in her words was then considered the most eloquent and impassioned orator on the anti-slavery platform. After attending a few of his anti-slavery conventions, Elizabeth became enthused with new ideas of individual rights and the basic principles of government. She was also intrigued with the speaker. Elizabeth and Henry Stanton married in 1840. As they continued to attend the anti-slavery conventions, Elizabeth and others protested the exclusion of women as U.S. political abolitionist delegates. Elizabeth became determined to bring about change. Elizabeth Cady Stanton met with Lucretia Mott, a Philadelphia delegate, and planned the first female suffrage convention, held in Seneca Falls in 1848. The Stanton, Mott and three other women used the Declaration of Independence to guide them, changing a phrase here and there including adding women...

Family project(India) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family project(India) - Essay Example According to (www.aarp.org) 140, 564 children under the age of 18 live in homes headed by grandparents and that 72, 094 children live in homes where their grandparents are responsible for them although most of them have no parents in the home. Also, the statistics shows that 69, 950grandparents are responsible for their grandchildren and out of this number, 70% are white, 26% Black/African, 70% are under age 60, 22% live in poverty and 44% have no parents of the children in the home. In the United States, there are forms of care and custody in place and they include power of attorney and consent of laws. There also several consents included for grandparents raising children in the United States and they include medical consent and educational consent. A State Fact Sheet shows that over 6 million children are raised by their grandparents and that almost 2.5 million of those children do not have their parents with them. Grandparents play vital role both within and out of foster care system. Among the children living with their grandparents, almost 6.3% are under 18 thus indicating almost 30% rise from 1990 to

Illegal Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Illegal Immigration - Essay Example Illegal or undocumented immigration elevates a number of concerns related to public rights. During 1990s, it so happened that public confrontations had come up that had focus on the status of the illegal immigrants. Poor financial circumstances in Mexico and military aggression in Central America had led the populations of these areas to immigrate to regions like California, Arizona, and Texas. Anti-immigrant reactions had developed in these areas. In order to discourage the entry of illegal immigrants, the voters of California had passed the Proposition 187, which would bring to an end public social service to them. The services terminated included schooling, food aid, and medicinal care. However the legislation was instantaneously confronted by the court system. Although the proposition was a beginning to limit the services to illegal immigrants, the measure was killed by arguments that arose against the legislation citing the civil rights of education and food facilities. Thus thi s led to a crisis as human sentiments would not accept such illegal activities within their country. (Segal, 117-118). The majority of illegal immigrants who enter a country without any authorization are in general not eligible for welfare grants. However, certain social services and health care programs are available to illegal immigrants as well. Health care services to small children or poor people are provided to all immigrants, be they legal, or illegal. Public education is also another service that is provided irrespective of the child being an illegal immigrant. A country like the United States has no identity card system which makes documentation of individuals difficult. However, various laws are amended that intend to exclude several social services to those individuals who do not form part of the legal documented system of a country. Elimination of supposed illegal students from schools or colleges has been tried in the country. However, not only did this policy face challenges from the court, but this led to individuals creating false documentations to prove that are legal citizens of the country. (Ono & Sloop, 170-172). The use of several social services also leads to huge losses of funds. If services could be denied to people who are unable to produce legal documents of their citizenship in a country, then much of the country’s funds could be saved. Moreover, much of the funds are lost in the verification processes that are required to verify such immigrants. The medical services that are provided are also funding huge amounts, irrespective of the fact whether a citizen is legally or illegally settled, especially small children and pregnant women are always given special care. Basic food and medical services are also provided to poor residents who do not have any insurance or are not covered by any other program. Naturally, denying such services to illegal immigrants would provide huge savings on the part of the government funds. (Ono & Sloop, 170-173). Conclusion: Illegal immigration evidently has defects. Ongoing high levels of

Nuclear Power Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nuclear Power Future - Essay Example As nuclear fuel is free from carbon emissions, there are less ethical issues associated with the nuclear power. Farming outside the nuclear power plant produces the normal yield. There is no impact of nuclear power plant on the surroundings. The unit of the nuclear power is much less as compared to the oil or gas based power (Harrison & Hester, 2011, p44-58). The cost of the fuel required to run the nuclear power plant is much lesser as compared to the coal, oil or gas. Other alternate energy resources are less capable of providing the base load. The plans of the Hitachi Company to develop the nuclear power in Britain are quite clear to support the sustainable development in the region. The lessons from the Japan are well learned by the company and the company ensure that no further accidents will happen in Britain. The company ensures that the Britain will lead the renewable capacity by 2018. A large investment should be welcomed to develop nuclear power. In most of the developed and under developed countries, the power crises are rising due to the massive industrialization in the past few decades. It is nearly impossible to predict the future of power generation regarding the coal, oil or gas, as the fossil fuel resources are shortening day by day and the demand for power is increasing day by day. To maintain the economic and social stability, there is need to develop the power generation systems that are capable of generating more power to meet the current as well as future power demands (Nuclear energy Agency, 1993). Britain is considered to be emitting major amount of fumes while generating electrical energy in the region. After the installation of the Nuclear power, the emissions regarding the power generation will reduce significantly and thus the motto of environmental protection will be fulfilled. As the project is supposed to create 6000 jobs while constructing the each plant and 1000 permanent jobs for the operations of

The Notion Of A Semantic Field English Language Essay

The Notion Of A Semantic Field English Language Essay The purpose of the present chapter is to discuss the notion of a semantic field, verbs which form semantic fields, verbs of perception and bodily sensation as well as metaphorical use of the verbs: to see. Semantics is the term which describes the study of meaning. It constitutes a part of linguistics, similarly like meaning constitutes a part of language. What semantics is interested in, is relation which occurs between linguistic units, like words or sentences, as well as the world. It is interested in how sentences which appear in natural language show reality and in what way they relate to peoples mental representations of reality. There are several kinds of semantics: pragmatic semantics, which deals with the meaning of utterances in context, sentence semantics, which occupies with the meaning of sentences and meaning relations between them, lexical semantics, which concerns the meaning of words and the meaning relations which appear in the vocabulary of a language. There are also two perspectives: philosophical or linguistic. The first concerns the logical properties of language, the nature of formal theories as well as the language of logic. The second occupies with all aspects of meaning which appear in natural languages, beginning from the meaning of complex utterances in given contexts and separate sounds in syllables. According to Saussurean and post-Saussurean structural semanticists, the meaning of any linguistic unit is determined by the paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations which hold between that unit and other linguistic units in a language-system. Lexemes and other units that are semantically related, paradigmatically or syntagmatically, within a given language can be said to belong to, or to be members of, the same field; and a field whose elements are lexemes, is a lexical field. Therefore, it is a paradigmatically and syntagmatically constructed vocabularys subset. The strongest version of field-theory assumes that a languages vocabulary constitutes closed set of lexemes which can be divided into a set of lexical fields that is divided into subsets. Another assumption of field-theory is that closed sets of lexemes, which can be open or indeterminate, are both the vocabulary and each of the fields in the vocabulary. What is more, the whole vocabulary is said to be a field which consists of the same elements as the lexical fields.  [1]   The theory of semantic field, which is interested in the analysis of sense, was proposed by a number of German and Swiss scholars in the 1920s and 1930s, especially by Ipsen, Jolles, Porzig and Trier, however, its origins can be found in the middle of nineteenth century. According to Jost Trier, the vocabulary of a language is an integrated system of lexemes interrelated in sense; still, the system is changing. We can observe that lexemes which existed in the past are disappearing now as new lexemes replace them but we also observe that the relations of sense which hold between a particular lexeme as well as neighbouring lexemes in the system, are changing all the time. Any extending of lexemes concerns a corresponding narrowing of one or more neighbours of them. According to Trier, the fact that it intends to catalogue the changes which took place in the meanings of individual lexemes as a whole or separately, instead of examining changes in the whole structure of the vocabulary thr ough time, is one of the most important drawbacks of traditional diachronic semantics. Trier compared the structure of one lexical field at one time with the structure of a lexical field at another time. In spite of the fact that they constitute different lexical fields, as they belong to different synchronic language-systems, they concern the same conceptual field and that is why they are comparable. Trier claims that the part-whole relationship between particular lexemes which are interpreted within the lexical field, is identical or similar to the part-whole relationship between the lexical fields and the whole vocabulary. Fields are living realities intermediate between individual words and the totality of the vocabulary; as parts of a whole they share with words the property of being integrated in a larger structure and with the vocabulary the property of being structured in terms of smaller units.  [2]  For instance, the lexical field of colour terms involves the lexemes: black, white, red, green, yellow, blue, orange etc. and similarly, the lexical field of colour terms, as well as those of kindship terms, military ranks, vehicles, among others are only parts of the whole English vocabulary. In addition, the general lexeme red can be considered a lexical field within which the particular lexemes scarlet, crimson, vermillion can be interpreted. A lexical field is consisted of the set of lexemes in every language-system which cover the conceptual area and gives structure to it using the relations of sense between them; and every lexeme will cover some conceptual area which may be constructed in the same way as a field by another set of lexemes. Therefore, the sense of a lexeme constitutes a conceptual area within a conceptual field, and a concept is a conceptual area which is connected with a lexeme. Comparing two diachronically different lexical fields, which belong to the same conceptual field, it can be found that no changes can be observed either in the set of lexemes which belong to the two fields or in sense-relations which appear between them; that one lexeme replace another one, however, without changes in the internal structure of the conceptual field, that no changes in the set of lexemes can be observed but a change in the internal structure of the conceptual field; that some lexemes replaced others and the intern al structure of the conceptual field has changed as well; and finally, that some changes in the internal structure of the conceptual field caused that one or more of the lexemes has been added or lost. According to some critics, field-theory can be well-grounded only for abstract words analysis, however, there is no evidence which supports this statement. Triers theory of conceptual and lexical fields assumes that there is an unstructured substance of meaning, which underlies the vocabularies of all languages. Every language articulates reality in its own way, thereby creating its own particular view of reality and establishing its own unique concepts. As opposed to Trier, Porzig introduced a notion of semantic fields claiming that there are the relations of sense between pairs of lexemes which are joined syntagmatically which resulted in a controversy which theory was best. Porzigs theory was relied on the relationship within collocations which are consisted of a noun and a verb or a noun and an adjective. These two lexemes in each collocation are connected by an essential meaning-relation. Lexemes differ on account of the freedom with which they can be mixed in collocations with other lexemes. On the one hand, there are adjectives as good or bad which can collocate with almost every noun, and, on the other hand, there is an adjective as rancid which can collocate only with butter.  [3]   The theory of semantic fields is connected with direct or indirect attempts of studying the structure of some semantic or lexical fields, such as the hierarchy of military ranks, numerals, colour as well as kindship terms. Semantic field or semantic domain are terms used for the terms lexical field or lexical set. According to Crystal, semantic or lexical field is a named area of meaning in which lexemes interrelate and define each other in specific ways. For instance, the lexical field of relationship terms includes the lexemes: father, mother, son, daughter, cousin, nephew, uncle, aunt, grandfather, grandmother, etc. According to lexical field theory, the vocabulary of language is basically a dynamic and well-integrated system of lexemes structured by relationships of meaning. Crystal claims that there are three kinds of difficulties which can be encounter while assigning all the words in English in lexical fields. Firstly, some lexemes can belong to fields that are imprecise and difficult to define. Secondly, some lexemes can be assigned to more than one field. For instance, orange can be assigned to the field of fruit or to the field of colour, tomato as fruit or vegetable. Another difficulty concerns the best solution in defining a lexical field in connection with the other fields and its constituent lexemes. These difficulties show the fact that the English vocabulary does not consist of discrete fields in which an appropriate place can be found by every lexeme. However, a lot of lexemes can be classified into fields and sub-fields precisely.  [4]   Words, which refer to a particular class and which divide up a semantic field, in most cases are incompatible. For instance, it is impossible to say: This is a red hat and This is a green hat of the same object. We also cannot determine the same animal as a lion and as an elephant. Language often shows this incompatibility. For example, in the following sentence: It was on Saturday that she went there, it is clear that she did not go there on some other day of the week, and in the sentence: Bill punched Mary, it is clear that he did not kick or slap her, although punch, kick and slap belong to the same semantic field. However, there are some terms which can be described as mixtures, for instance, an orange-red hat, or tigon, which is the cross between a lion and a tiger. In situation in which such terms are introduced, a number of words within the field increases and the field is divided up in greater detail. In some cases, which concern the animal names, the distinction between the terms in the field is clear as well as reflected by clear distinctions in experience. In other cases, distinctions are not so cleared. The items in the field are unordered which means that they cannot be completed in any kind of order. So as to list them, it is necessary to do it in alphabetically. However, there are some groups of words which can be said to have some order. The examples of such words are measurements such as inch, foot, yard which can be put in order beginning from the smallest one, or numerals: one, two, three etc.  [5]   Generalization of lexical items in the semantic fields is not absolutely free. Every word is quite particular. For example, the verb change cannot replace the verb go and the other way round. The verb to travel can take place as a verb of change only in the spatial field, the verb to donate only in possessional field, the verb to become only in ascriptional, and the verb to schedule only in scheduling. Particular inference patterns occur in every semantic field. For instance, it is not possible for one object to be at two different places at the same time, in the spatial field. It can be said based on it that the object which moves from one place to another is not in its first position any longer. However, this inference does not take place in the field of information transfer. For instance, if Bill gives some information to Harry, it can be said that except for Harry no one else have the information, but since information unlike objects can be in more than one place at the same time , Bill still may have the information as well.  [6]   Language built up semantic fields or zones of meaning and they are linguistically limited. Vocabulary, grammar and syntax are adapted to the organization of these semantic fields. He task of classification schemes which are built up by language is to differentiate objects by gender or by number. In languages in which intimate or formal discourse by means of pronouns is distinguished, this distinction stresses the elements of a semantic field that are called the zone of intimacy.  [7]   In semantic field analysis, organizations of words into fields occur based on an element of meaning they share. Such a field can be constructed from words which refer to drinking vessels or verbs of communication such as speak order, warn, promise, etc. Set of agreed criteria for forming semantic fields does not exist, in spite of the fact that common component of meaning can be one. Making for account of word meaning which is more clear if a word is examined within the semantic spaces context which space concern other words semantically related is one of the arguments for a semantic field vocabularys description. In such a description, the sense relations play a significant part in joining of the words meanings which belong to the same semantic field. An example of arrangement of semantic fields in English vocabulary is Rogets Thesaurus. Roget divided vocabulary into six broad classes which are: abstract relations, space, matter, intellect, volition and affections. Each of these classes is subdivided into sections. For example, affections have the sections as generally, personal, sympathetic, moral, religious. Another two subdivisions take place in order to reach the articles or semantic fields. For instance, moral affections are subdivided into obligations, sentiments, conditions, practice and institutions. Obligations category has the articles as right/wrong, dueness/undueness, duty/dereliction and exemption. An article contains lists of words which are organized according to word class, for instance, dereliction of duty. In recent times Tom McArthur analyzed English semantic field and arranged words into fourteen semantic fields of a pragmatic, everyday nature, for example, Life and Living Things; People and the family; Food, Drink and Farming; Thought and Communication; Language and Grammar; Movement, Location, Travel and Transport. The broad semantic fields are subdivided. For instance, the Movement field has sub-divisions of: Moving, Coming and Going; Putting and Taking; Pulling and Pushing; Travel and Visiting; Vehicles and Transport on Land; Places; Shipping; Aircraft; Location and Direction. These subdivisions are divided into smaller groups of words which are related. For example, Travel and Visiting has a group of nine verbs of visiting, a group of ten verbs of meeting people and things, a group of thirteen nouns of visiting and inviting, and so on.  [8]   1. 2. Organization of verbs into semantic fields All verbs which have at least one meaning which can be related to a certain concept belong to such a field, and, a verb which has several meanings, consequently belongs to several fields. The meaning of a certain verb which causes that it is assigned to a particular field is called field-internal meaning. Lexical fields can be combined to form fields of higher-order. Vocabulary is divided into hierarchical groups such as: verbs of existence: to exist, to become, to make, verbs of alteration: to stay, to change, to influence, verbs of manifestation and perception: to see, to notice, to show, relational verbs: to organize, to join, to divide, verbs of ruling of behaviour: to allow, to order, to force, verbs of verbal expression: to saw, to name, to inform. However, subfield of the one field can be placed in another one. For example, subfield of the field of ruling of behaviour could be placed in the field of verbal expression. The lexical field, apart from occurring in different relati ons to other lexical fields, is internally strusturable as well. Specific relations between its elements, the lexical items or subsets can be established. These relations are based on field-internal meaning of the verbs and they are a significant part of the meanings description. There are two types of relations between verbs: In the first type the relations concern semantic or stylistic specificity of verbs. Antonymy, synonymy, hyponymy, cohyponymy are the terms which describe these relations. The second type concerns different verbal aspects.  [9]   The semantic fields have been divided into three groups. The first group which determines Concrete verbs includes fields such as Motion: go, put, and Production: make, build which refer to situations which are accessible instantly to the sense organs. Mental verbs include fields such as Cognition and Perception which provide a description of psychological processes which can be experienced by oneself but which is not seen at others. Grammatical verbs form the third group including different groups of verbs which have meaning not grammaticalized in many languages. Dynamic or modal meanings are those which they express. The lexicons organization can be looked at from componential or relational point of view. According to componential framework, the internal structure of a semantic field may be looked upon as the outcome of the interaction of a set of field-specific components and a number of general field-independent components that cut across all verbal semantic fields. For instance, verbs of Perception are grouped according to components which are field-independent. The sense modalities and the field-independent dynamic system belong to them and includes lexical aspect, for example, stative: see and dynamic: look and causative distinctions, for example, be visible and show which both make visible. All verbal semantic fields contain the distinctions within the dynamic system which are important. Some of components play a key role in constructing of a field, whereas secondary modulations are represent by others. According to Miller and Johnson Laird, verbal semantic fields are organized around a core predicate. For instance, Motion verbs are grouped into Travel and Possession verbs around Possess. Verbs of Physical contact such as hit, strike, beat, bunch, knock, bump into, touch, rub etc. are grouped into the core predicate Contact. The verbal semantic fields are usually grouped into one or more nuclear verbs which predominate in their fields in connection with frequency of occurrence, the number of secondary senses and the scope of constructions which they can belong to. The nuclear verbs contain not only the core component of the field but also some more detailed components which represent verbs being the most typical in their fields instead of being the direct exponents of the general meaning which is shared by all the fields elements. Whenever such exponents exist, they usually take place only in formal registers. The example of this is the nuclear perception verb see and a technical term is more or less the verb perceive.  [10]   In order to organize the English verb lexicon as a relational network, it was divided up into semantic fields, which provided an initial, semantically based organization of polysemous verbs in the English lexicon. It was also stated that words between which there are connections of semantic and lexical relations in most cases belong to the same semantic domain. Semantic domains such as vegetables and colour terms have been organized by relations as hyponymy. For example, verbs sprint and run belong to the semantic domain of motion verbs, because to sprint means to run in some way. Verbs are divided into those which indicate actions and events as well as those which indicate states. Most verbs belong to the first group and they are subdivided into thirteen more detailed semantic domains which are: verbs of motion, perception, contact, communication, competition, change, cognition, consumption, creation, emotion, possession and bodily care and functions, and verbs which refer to social behaviour and interactions. The verbs which are painstakingly discussed as the concept be, including resemble, belong and suffice are not contained in any of above semantic domains. These stative verbs form a separate classification and they constitute the only group which does not form a semantic domain. Auxiliaries and control verbs such as want, fail, prevent and succeed as well as aspectual verbs like begin, also belong to this group. A lot of verbs cannot be explicitly placed as either cognition or communication verbs such as wonder, speculate, confirm, judge etc. Similarly, a verb thistle can be placed in the group of verbs of sound emission as well as verbs of motion. Such verbs would be connected with verbs from more than one semantic field if they were proposed as monosemous. The classification of the verb lexicon into semantic fields could head the entire verb lexicon required by the absence of a single root verb or unique beginner. Lyons suggests a set of roots which includes: act, move, get, become, be, make, and Pulman suggests just be and do. There are cases that within a single semantic field, not all verbs can be classified as single unique beginner. Some of semantic fields can be indicated only by couple of unrelated trees. For instance, motion verbs have two homophonous top nodes which express two different concepts: move 1 and move 2. They express translational movement as well as movement without displacement. Verbs of possession belong to three concepts which are expressed by synsets give and transfer, take and receive, as well as have and hold. At the top of communication verbs there is the verb communicate but grouped into two independent trees which express verbal and nonverbal communication. The subdomain of verbal communication divides in to verbs which denote the communication of spoken and written language. Other semantic fields, the example of which are the verbs of bodily care and functions, are consisted of unrelated hierarchies which make a coherent semantic field because of the fact that most of the verbs like wash, comb, shampoo, make up, ache, atrophy opt for the same sorts of noun arguments. Verbs of social interaction, which constitutes a coherent semantic field, include a number of various semantic subdomains like politics (elect, depose), work (hire, subcontract, strike) and interpersonal relations (court, marry).  [11]   A large set of indications are made by the subject field codes and those indications show the semantic fields to which a word refers starting from basketball and entertainment to dentistry, music etc. Some fields are wide as for example economics, others are narrow like cricket. Many fields are divided into subfields, for instance accounting, banking, taxation are subfields of economics. Divisions in the subject field differ widely in their degree of specificity and organization. Therefore, there is a field which is defined as sp for sports which concerns subfields, such as archery, mountaineering, etc. However, the majority of what people recognize as sports have separate field-labels. It is similar situation with other areas such as games, arts, sports, nature, transport, information, etc. Some fields or subfields are cross-classified in connection with these broader areas. Therefore, it is obvious that the hunting and fishing field with subfields as fisheries, falconry, etc. are n ot only placed in the sports area but also in the nature area.  [12]   3. Verbs of perception and bodily sensation Perception is formed by five elements which are: vision, hearing, touch, smell as well as taste. To verbs of perception belong for example: see, look, hear, listen, sound, smell, touch, fell, taste and they can be divided into three groups. This classification is based on semantic role which a subject plays. One of these groups constitute those verbs which influence on peoples senses without their will, for instance, Peter saw the birds; Peter heard the birds; Peter felt a stone under his foot. In these examples, a subject cannot control what he see, hear or feel. Different things are here experienced by organs which are: eyes, ears, skin, nose and taste buds. These verbs which belong to this group, namely see, hear, smell, feel and taste are called differently, for instance: passive perception, cognition or inner perception. Another group of verbs of perception are called active perception verbs and a subject is able to control what he experiences with senses, for example: Peter loo ked at the birds; Peter listened to the birds; Peter felt the cloth. Those verbs which can be joined with an adverb are active verbs, while those verbs to which an adverb cannot be added are defined as passive. Example of this are following sentences: Jane was deliberately listened to music and Jane deliberately heard the music which cannot take place. One more group of verbs are those in which a subject is the stimuli of the perception, for example: Peter looked happy; Peter sounded happy; The cloth felt soft. Verbs from this group can be called flip verbs or stimulus subject. The term inert in group of verbs of inert perception, feel, hear, see, smell and taste, can be used so as to distinguish perception of the sort which is determined by see, where the perceiver takes part in this activity passively from the sort of look at when the object draws attention of the perceiver actively. Verbs feel, taste and smell can be used also to indicate active perception. To verbs of bodily sensation belong verbs: ache, feel, hurt, itch, tingle, etc. Any perceptible change of meaning takes place between sentences: I feel great and I am feeling great or between sentences: My knee hurts and My knee is hurting. Another group of perception verbs includes those for which object of perception constitutes the grammatical subject. For instance, That sounds like Marthas voice or You look tired. See and hear are joined by separate verbs which are look and sound, and the three verbs smell, taste and feel are used for the additional meaning. See verbs which include: detect, discern, feel, hear, notice, see, sense, smell and taste indicate the actual perception of some unit. The perceiver is a subject and that what is perceived is a direct object. Another group of verbs constitute sight verbs such as: decry, discover, espy, examine, eye, glimpse, inspect, investigate, note, observe, overhear, perceive, recognize, regard, savor, scan, scent, scrutinize, sight, spot, spy, study, survey, view, watch and witness. In this group of verbs of perception the perceiver is a subject and that what is perceived is a direct object, similarly like in see verbs. Peer verbs constitute another group which includes verbs like check (on), gape, gawk, gaze, glance, glare, goggle, leer, listen (to), look, ogle, peek, peep, peer, sniff, snoop (on), squint and stare. These verbs do not concern the apprehension of something through a sense because it is possible for someone to look at something and not seeing it. All verbs in this group include s ight except for sniff and listen. Stimulus Subject Perception Verbs include: feel, look, smell, sound and taste. In these verbs the perceiver is not a subject which takes place in the other verbs of perception.  [13]  Verbs of perception have two functions. Firstly, there is a Perceiver (a human), who, discovers something about the Impression. Peoples eyes are those organs of sense which allow to collect more information than other senses and those verbs which refer to vision are: see, watch, look (at), stare (at), peep (at), inspect. Verbs hear and listen (to) are the only verbs which refer to audition, while feel, smell and taste are those verbs which indicate other human senses. There is also a group of verbs which not only refer to something that is seen, but also to other senses. Verbs which belong to this group are for example: notice, recognize and study, in sentences: I noticed, on tasting it, that hed put in too much curry powder; She recognized Johns voice; He is study ing the various smells produced in Thai kitchen. There are some subtypes of verbs of perception. The first one is see subtype which concerns direct description of an act of perception and verbs which belong to this group are: see, hear, smell, taste, feel. Other verbs which can be also assigned here, are observe which indicates something happening, notice which indicates seeing or hearing something from the background, as well as perceive, which refers to the specific thing, state or event from the background. Another group is show subtype and it describes in what way one person helps someone else to an act of perception. Show is the main verb in this subtype and it is lexical causative of verbs see, notice and observe. In this relation there is a Causer and a Perceiver or Impression, for instance: John picked up the book and showed it to Mary; John brought Mary over and showed her the book. Whenever a verb show has NPs which realize all roles it indicates visual perception, for example, a sentence John showed the parrot to Mary me ans that she not heard it but saw it. However, when the Impression is a complement clause a verb show means that eyes or ears were used, for instance, John showed Mary how to mend a fuse which indicates that Mary observed John while he did it, or John showed Mary how to make a uvular trill which indicates that Mary heard the sound made by John. A verb demonstrate is in these cases a synonym of a verb show. Next group is recognize subtype which indicates some perception and knowing what kind of perception it is. Verbs in this subtype are recognize and spot. One more subtype is discover subtype which concerns something which was not apparent at the beginning but later, for example, a verb discover which indicates perceiving something for the first time, or a verb find which means perceiving something that was looked at or something familiar. The witness subtype is another group and indicates some observations of definite unit of activity in which witness occurs as the only member. Ano ther subtype is look and it refers to the Perceiver who aims his attention so as to join with some Impression. In this group are following verbs: look (at), listen (to) and also stare (at), glare (at), peep (at), peer (at), squint (at), eavesdrop (on), search (for), look (for), hunt (for), inspect, study, investigate, scan, scrutinise, examine, check, view, explore, survey, visit. Next group is watch subtype which is similar to the previous one but indicating deliberate perception over a period of time. A verb watch is the only one which belongs to this subtype. This can be showed by following examples: I watched John eat his dinner instead of I looked at John eat his dinner. A verb listen (to) has two meaning, one of them can be compared with look (at), for instance, Look at this picture!; Listen to this noise behind the skirting!, and another which can be compared with watch, for example, I listened to John say his prayers. Other verbs which belong to those concerning attention ar e ignore, disregard, overlook, pass over which indicate the Perceiver who is not in contact with an impression. These verbs are transi

Essay --

Although when we think of the history of cell phones we think of the small handheld devices we use daily not years ago that were in briefcases and were connected to the cigarette lighter in cars. Then in the 1980’s they lost the case, but were still twice the size the size of the cellphones we see today. The cell phones of today are more portable, smaller, and lighter than ever before. If this is the present, imagine the future of the cellular phones, but as we look into the future of cellphones we also need to take a look back in time to the cellphones of the past. Firstly in 1908, Professor Albert Jahnke developed the first wireless telephones, which lead to the testing of wireless telephones on German military trains in 1918. Although Jahnke was suspected of fraud it didn’t seem to hurt his ideas, as they continued to grow through the early 1930’s. This is when the public telephone trial began on a train from Berlin to Hamburg. Although Albert Jahnke did not invent the first cellular phone, he did get the ideas flowing for the man who did. Hardly a household name but the influence of Martin Cooper, or â€Å"The Father of the Cell Phone†, as stated in the economist, has been seen and heard around the world. â€Å"Marty is the most influential person no one has ever heard of,† says Robert McDowell, a commissioner with the Federal Communications Commission. Cooper, the engineer for Motorola that looked at car phones in the 1970’s and thought that these devices should be small enough to be portab le. He’s ideas and inventiveness led to the first prototype in 1973, and the first commercial cell phone in 19830. The first commercial cell phone call was placed using a Motorola DynaTAC mobile phone, the precurso... ...ds with calling, radio, and data technology available at your touch. I do believe, by looking at we have in the works with technology, that these armbands will be equip with a facetime application. This application will allow the user to connect with another, and a hologram of the user will appear in front of you, just as if you were talking face to face. With these future cellphone I do believe we will develop a fifth generation digital phone with more bandwidth and video capability. As you know and can see cell phones are huge part of today’s society and will only grow to be more and more important in the future, but these phones of today and of tomorrow wouldn’t be possible if not for the past. So while you’re sitting there daydreaming about those smartphones of tomorrow you need to think about all the work, and people who have advanced technology this far.

Panama Canal Expansion

Expansion of the Panama Canal & Heartland Barge The Panama Canal enables the ships sailing from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean (and vice versa) to save time and fuel by avoiding the travel around the tip of South America. The savings in time equal half of the time previously taken by ships to do the same. The size of ships that are used in shipping containers has drastically increased due to the container revolution.To enable the new and bigger ships such as Maersk Triple E Class to pass through and to increase the toll that is collected on every ship, the Panama Canal Authority has decided to undertake the expansion of the Panama canal. This event has impacted world trade and companies all over the world. As of now, the New Panamax ships with drafts of 45 ft delivering containers from Asia to the east coast of the US cannot pass through the Panama canal and therefore dock at the ports of Los Angeles and Seattle on the west coast and transfer their containers to railroad com panies to transport the goods to the east coast.But when the expected expansion commences in 2015, some of these ships would be using the canal to directly reach the east coast of the US To get a piece of this action, several ports on the east coast have undergone upgrade and increased their depth to at least 50 ft to allow the New Panamax ships to reach their container port facilities. Although the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) itself has indicated that deepening isn’t expected to increase the volume of container traffic coming through ports, the reality is that not deepening could cost the port a significant amount of volume, relegating it to â€Å"lower tier† port status.New Panamax vessels today make up 16% of the world’s container fleet, but account for 45% of the fleet’s capacity,†Ã‚  By 2030, new Panamax vessels will account for 62% of the capacity of the world's container fleet. The potential transportation cost saving of using new P anamax size vessels to ship agricultural products to Asia, through the Panama Canal may lead to an increase in grain traffic on the Mississippi River for export at Gulf ports. The shipping draft on the lower Mississippi River has enabled operations to 45 feet.However, this requires constant monitoring due to seasonal changes in siltation loads from flooding and deposits. This prompts the need for maintenance dredging to attain operational drafts. But the limitations on the USACE's federal allocated resources is limiting their capacity to properly maintain the 12,000 miles of waterways and 240 locks in the US. Heartland Barge (HB) highly values the ability to match the volume of goods flowing upstream of the Mississippi river system, with the volume of goods flowing downstream, thereby minimizing empty back haul movements.The goods moving downstream are grains mostly Soybean and Corn headed for China and other Asian countries. The goods moving upstream are fertilizers, petroleum prod ucts, aggregates namely stone and sand, and road salt for the Midwest coming from salt mines on an island in Louisiana that is not accessible by truck or rail. With the new Panamax vessels, the opportunities for HB will be varied, such as increased loadings per vessel, the potential for larger vessel sizes to be used, decreased canal transit time, and the potential for lower transport costs overall.HB owns 275 covered and open hopper barges, most of them manufactured post 2004 making its fleet relatively younger than the average barge in the US, and has three lines of business. Investment in newer and bigger barges will give HB a competitive advantage in its Barge line services business. Most barges in the US are above 25 years old and therefore the potential demand for new barge is high. The return on barge investment is 10-12% and has considerable tax benefits, making it an attractive investment option for individuals and companies, where they buy barges as an asset and let HB tak e care of the Barge Management.The Leasing and Sales division would benefit from the sales of new barges and helping investors buy or lease the barges. The Marine Consulting division will see a rise in business as more businesses would want to take advantage of HB's end to end solutions for barge transport. Hiring MBAs as consultants and training them would give HB leverage when the demand for HB's consulting division increases in the near future. Railroads cannot economically compete with barges on many counts.Barge transport costs 40-80 cents a bushel of grain whereas railroads cost an average of $1. 2 a bushel. The rail system does not have unlimited capacity on the network, which results in competitive pressure to operate over finite capacity. Because grain moves are more seasonal, railroads prefer to move consistently transported goods to better allocate resources. The heavier rail cars for transporting big sized containers can often operate over the lighter capacity rails but only at significantly slower speeds.The threat of transit tolls in the Panama canal increasing 47% over the toll structure of the past 5 years can be countered by loading a vessel to a 45 ft draft, compared to the 39. 5 ft draft of the current Panamax vessels. The river navigation system is old and aging, and for improvement projects that have been authorized, funding has not been appropriated. Improvements needed include dredging, highly efficient cranes, improving barge loading berths, automated gates, applied tracking of equipment through optical character recognition and GPS.Waterways Council Inc. is an organization lobbying the government for these reforms through the WRDA – Water Resource Development and RIVER – Reinvest in Vital Economic Rivers and Water bodies Acts. HB should support this organization in its efforts. References: http://waterwayscouncil. org/key-issues/improve-system-reliability-through-infrastructure-maintenance/ http://waterwayscouncil. org/la test-news/improve-reliability-news/harbor-deepening-what-happens-now/ http://www. usace. army. il/Media/NewsReleases/tabid/203/Article/2000/us-army-corps-of-engineers-releases-the-us-port-and-inland-waterways-modernizat. aspx http://southeastfarmpress. com/soybeans/panama-canal-expansion-could-boost-us-soybean-industry http://www. unitedsoybean. org/wp-content/uploads/Panama-Canal-Expansion-Impact-on-US-Agriculture. pdf http://www. npr. org/2013/01/10/168950808/mississippi-blues-when-the-river-doesnt-run http://www. engineeringnews. co. za/article/panama-canal-expansion-reaches-halfway-mark-as-waterway-bids-to-sustain-position-as-key-trade-gateway-2013-03-15

Free Essays on Death

The DEATH Penalty Capital Punishment is an Unlawful and Ineffective Deterrent to Murder. The United States is one of the few countries left in the world to practice the savage and immoral punishment of death. Retentionists argue that the consequence of death prevents people from committing the crime of murder. It is proven that the death penalty does not deter persons from committing murder, nor does it serve as an example of the consequences of capital crimes to society. Furthermore, it is impossible to guarantee that the criminal justice system will not discriminate against or execute the innocent. Above all, the methods of execution are horrifying and barbaric, as well as the devaluing of a human life. We must realize that the life of a murderer is worth as much as the life of the victim. An indecent justice, one that takes human lives based on ideals of vengeance and violence, is an immoral system that is unacceptable. The most widely used argument in support of capital punishment is that the consequence of execution influences criminal behavior more effectively than imprisonment does (â€Å"Against the Death Penalty†). Although the argument may sound reasonable, in reality the death penalty fails as a deterrent. First, punishment can only be a useful deterrent if it is rational and immediately used. Capital punishment cannot meet those conditions. The number of first degree murderers who are sentenced to death is small, and of this group an even smaller number of people are eventually executed. Moreover, the possibility of increasing the number of convicted murderers sentenced to death and executed by requiring mandatory death sentences was declared unconstitutional in 1976 Jewett 2 (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty). Murder and other crimes of violence are not always premeditated. For example; gang violence, drive by shootings and kidnapping for ransom are serious crimes that continue to be committed bec... Free Essays on Death Free Essays on Death The DEATH Penalty Capital Punishment is an Unlawful and Ineffective Deterrent to Murder. The United States is one of the few countries left in the world to practice the savage and immoral punishment of death. Retentionists argue that the consequence of death prevents people from committing the crime of murder. It is proven that the death penalty does not deter persons from committing murder, nor does it serve as an example of the consequences of capital crimes to society. Furthermore, it is impossible to guarantee that the criminal justice system will not discriminate against or execute the innocent. Above all, the methods of execution are horrifying and barbaric, as well as the devaluing of a human life. We must realize that the life of a murderer is worth as much as the life of the victim. An indecent justice, one that takes human lives based on ideals of vengeance and violence, is an immoral system that is unacceptable. The most widely used argument in support of capital punishment is that the consequence of execution influences criminal behavior more effectively than imprisonment does (â€Å"Against the Death Penalty†). Although the argument may sound reasonable, in reality the death penalty fails as a deterrent. First, punishment can only be a useful deterrent if it is rational and immediately used. Capital punishment cannot meet those conditions. The number of first degree murderers who are sentenced to death is small, and of this group an even smaller number of people are eventually executed. Moreover, the possibility of increasing the number of convicted murderers sentenced to death and executed by requiring mandatory death sentences was declared unconstitutional in 1976 Jewett 2 (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty). Murder and other crimes of violence are not always premeditated. For example; gang violence, drive by shootings and kidnapping for ransom are serious crimes that continue to be committed bec... Free Essays on Death In Virginia Woolf’s essay â€Å" The Death of the Moth,† she is suggesting no matter how much energy one has now they will eventually die. I feel this essay works because of the reality of her words. Her point is well stated in the symbolism that she chooses to use. In explaining her essay she uses the moth as a symbol for life, she also uses the window as life and then death, next she uses energy to symbol the change from child to adult. Throughout the essay Woolf is explaining the moth standing for life. When she firsts sees the moth all she can think about is how life is so simple and energetic. Woolf wonders if while this moth is flying around the window trying to find a way to escape, it is in someway a little pathetic and lifeless. Woof states, â€Å" He was little or nothing but life† (Woolf 771). This explains why she is so intrigued by the acts the moth is doing at the moment. Woolf used the window the moth is trapped in as a symbol for life and then it turns to death. This is because while the moth is wondering how to get out of the window it looses all its energy and then dies right where just minutes earlier it was full of energy. After all the dancing Woolf sits and thinks about why things are happening the way they are. Why was the moth all the sudden dying? She could not explain what was going on except for that is seemed that â€Å"death was stronger then her† (Woolf 773). This expression only goes on to say that Woolf may have been more afraid of death after seeing the moth die in such a way that was not fair. Woolf then goes on to say that energy all together represents the change from childhood to adulthood. This means that when Woolf first sees the moth she thinks of it as a child full of energy and ready to dance all over the place. As the moth is dancing it is turning into an adult and loosing energy every minute. Woolf explains, that she almost tried to help the moth but then decided against it because t... Free Essays on Death The Debate over the merits of capital punishment has endured for years, and continues to be an extremely indecisive and complicated issue. Adversaries of capital punishment point to the Marshalls and the Millgards, while proponents point to the Dahmers and Gacys. Society must be kept safe from the monstrous barbaric acts of these individuals and other killers, by taking away their lives to function and perform in our society. At the same time, we must insure that innocent people such as Marshall and Millgard are never convicted or sentenced to death for a crime that they did not commit. Many contend that the use of capital punishment as a form of deterrence does not work, as there are no fewer murders on a per- capita basis in countries or states that do have it, then those that do not. In order for capital punishment to work as a deterrence, certain events must be present in the criminal's mind prior to committing the offence. The criminal must be aware that others have been punishe d in the past for the offence that he or she is planning, and that what happened to another individual who committed this offence, can also happen to me. But individuals who commit any types of crime ranging from auto theft to 1st-Degree Murder, never take into account the consequences of their actions. Deterrence to crime, is rooted in the individuals themselves. Every human has a personal set of conduct. How much they will and will not tolerate. How far they will and will not go. This personal set of conduct can be made or be broken by friends, influences, family, home, life, etc. An individual who is never taught some sort of restraint as a child, will probably never understand any limit as to what they can do, until they have learned it themselves. Therefore, capital punishment will never truly work as a deterrent, because of human nature to ignore practised advice and to self learn. There are those who claim that capital punishment is in itself a form o... Free Essays on Death Capital Punishment is an Unlawful and Ineffective Deterrent to Murder The United States is one of the few countries left in the world to practice the savage and immoral punishment of death. Retentionists argue that the consequence of death prevents people from committing the crime of murder. It is proven that the death penalty does not deter persons from committing murder, nor does it serve as an example of the consequences of capital crimes to society. Furthermore, it is impossible to guarantee that the criminal justice system will not discriminate against or execute the innocent. Above all, the methods of execution are horrifying and barbaric, as well as the devaluing of a human life. We must realize that the life of a murderer is worth as much as the life of the victim. An indecent justice, one that takes human lives based on ideals of vengeance and violence, is an immoral system that is unacceptable. The most widely used argument in support of capital punishment is that the conse quence of execution influences criminal behavior more effectively than imprisonment does (â€Å"Against the Death Penalty†). Although the argument may sound reasonable, in reality the death penalty fails as a deterrent. First, punishment can only be a useful deterrent if it is rational and immediately used. Capital punishment cannot meet those conditions. The number of first degree murderers who are sentenced to death is small, and of this group an even smaller number of people are eventually executed. Moreover, the possibility of increasing the number of convicted murderers sentenced to death and executed by requiring mandatory death sentences was declared unconstitutional in 1976 Jewett 2 (National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty). Murder and other crimes of violence are not always premeditated. For example; gang violence, drive by shootings and kidnaping for ransom are serious crimes that continue to be committed because the criminal thinks he is to... Free Essays on Death Two sisters are home alone when a robber enters the house. The younger sister (8) is shot and killed, while the other one hides in horror and witnesses the shooting. Though she manages to escape and save herself, she can never fully recover from what she had seen with her own eyes almost twenty years ago. This story is not unique for there are many witnesses of murder everyday. The idea of putting another human to death is hard to completely fathom. The physical act of putting someone to death is easy to execute, but the emotions involved in carrying it out, is beyond the understanding of someone who as not witnessed such a tragic event. I know it must be painful, dehumanizing, and sickening. However, this act is sometimes necessary and it is our responsibility as a society to see that it is done. Capital punishment debates can quickly turn heated and argumentative because of the very dramatic nature of the topic. Most people either completely support capital punishment or are comple tely against it. Unfortunately there is no middle road that you can take, you can’t half kill a person for a crime. I will argue that capital punishment for first degree murder is a necessary part of living in a civilized society. Upon arguing for the death penalty you must understand that the death penalty is morally correct, and it will bring a closure to the victims family. Capital punishment is not only justifiable but is morally correct and should be the mandatory sentence for such crimes once an individual is found guilty. It would be neither unjust nor immoral to execute such an individual. It is not logical to believe that a person raised in our society does not know that the crimes of murder or the rape of a child will not be tolerated. Regardless of an individual’s background or status, individual choices lead to results that carry personal responsibility. It is inappropriate to make excuses for these criminals simply because they were negle... Free Essays on Death Fall is Death The sky is the color of hard gray stone Death’s hand is stretching out Birds and animals awake with a shock Frost dances in the dawn In the high empty sky, the cold sun shines With fires that forget to warm But the chill wind burns with a stinging bite The trees blaze with cold flame The sun is buried in the high, dead hills She dies there in fire and smoke The heartbeat of the earth slows down and fades Life is swallowed up in the dusk The birds of the air have gone over the clouds The beasts of the forest sleep And the small creeping things that live in the earth Lie slain by the breath of the night Now white light and ice shine high in the sky Death’s hand is squeezing hard Birds and animals cower and hide And slowly, each leaf Falls And I Walked Onto the Battlefield And I walked onto the battlefield. I marched between the lines as bullets whipped by and shells exploded. I halted in the midst of fierce combat. There was a cool gentle breeze. And I opened my trench coat. Cradled there, within my right arm, the tiniest of forms barely eight months amongst our world. And I waited with her there. Guns, and machines, all paused in their barrage, as each in time spotted the child, fell silent until only the breeze spoke. And I lifted her aloft. Her voice came gentle, at once quiet but gaining volume, gaining strength, gaining light until the battlefield rang with song as my fingers caressed her.. For she laughed. As soldiers holding guns, from side to side, whipped their heads up. For she laughed louder. As soldiers in trenches, from side to side, looked up at her, eyes lit wide. For she laughed louder still And each men, at once heavy, but lighter lighter in futility, lighter in hope together the soldiers laughed too. For they remembered their childhood and had discovered the child within themselves. And then one by one, they tur... Free Essays on Death The Debate over the merits of capital punishment has endured for years, and continues to be an extremely indecisive and complicated issue. Adversaries of capital punishment point to the Marshalls and the Millgards, while proponents point to the Dahmers and Gacys. Society must be kept safe from the monstrous barbaric acts of these individuals and other killers, by taking away their lives to function and perform in our society. At the same time, we must insure that innocent people such as Marshall and Millgard are never convicted or sentenced to death for a crime that they did not commit. Many contend that the use of capital punishment as a form of deterrence does not work, as there are no fewer murders on a per- capita basis in countries or states that do have it, then those that do not. In order for capital punishment to work as a deterrence, certain events must be present in the criminal's mind prior to committing the offence. The criminal must be aware that others have been punishe d in the past for the offence that he or she is planning, and that what happened to another individual who committed this offence, can also happen to me. But individuals who commit any types of crime ranging from auto theft to 1st-Degree Murder, never take into account the consequences of their actions. Deterrence to crime, is rooted in the individuals themselves. Every human has a personal set of conduct. How much they will and will not tolerate. How far they will and will not go. This personal set of conduct can be made or be broken by friends, influences, family, home, life, etc. An individual who is never taught some sort of restraint as a child, will probably never understand any limit as to what they can do, until they have learned it themselves. Therefore, capital punishment will never truly work as a deterrent, because of human nature to ignore practised advice and to self learn. There are those who claim that capital punishment is in itself a form o...

The Fundamentals of Verbs

The Fundamentals of Verbs The Fundamentals of Verbs The Fundamentals of Verbs By Mark Nichol This post outlines the basic principles of the verb, the workhorse of language. A verb describes an action (talk), an occurrence (become), or a state of being (live). Verbs are complicated by their many variable states, based on inflection depending on functions. For example, an action might, depending on the number of talkers, be described with the word talk or the word talks. (This quality is called agreement.) Based on the tense of the sentence, the verb, accompanied by an auxiliary, or helper, could appear in the phrases â€Å"will talk,† â€Å"has talked,† or â€Å"was talking.† (Tense is one of several similar qualities; the others are aspect, how the action or state occurs through time, and modality, the expression of the speaker’s attitude toward the action or state.) Other qualities of verbs are the voice (such as active voice, as in the form of the verb saw in â€Å"Many saw it as a turning point,† or passive voice, as exemplified by the syntax in â€Å"It was seen by many as a turning point†) and the valency whether the verb is intransitive (accompanied by a subject alone, as in â€Å"It moves†), transitive (accompanied by a subject and a direct object, as in â€Å"We went to the store†), or ditransitive (accompanied by a subject, a direct object, and an indirect object (â€Å"I brought him the report†). The six types of verb follow: An intransitive verb is one that does not precede a noun or an adjective. If any part of speech follows an intransitive verb, it is usually an adverb (â€Å"I walked quickly†) or a preposition (â€Å"I walked in†). A linking verb precedes a noun (â€Å"She remained home†) or an adjective (â€Å"He appeared tired†); an adverb may not follow a linking verb. In these sample sentences, home is an example of a predicate noun, and tired exemplifies predicate adjectives. A transitive verb sometimes, to distinguish it from two other types described below, called a one-place transitive precedes a noun (â€Å"We watched the movie†) or a noun phrase (â€Å"They talked in the dark†). In this case, the noun or noun phrase is called a direct object because it is the thing being acted on in the manner indicated by the verb. Two types of verbs are called two-place transitive verbs. The first, labeled the Vg type (the letters stand for verb and give), precedes two nouns or noun phrases (â€Å"I bought my wife a bouquet of flowers†) or a noun or noun phrase and a prepositional phrase (â€Å"I bought a bouquet of flowers for my wife†) in succession. The first word or phrase after the verb is an indirect object (a recipient) and the second is a direct object. The second type of two-place transitive verb, the Vc type (c is for consider), precedes a noun or noun phrase and another one (â€Å"I consider the chairman an arrogant person†), or an adjective (â€Å"I believe that the chairman is arrogant†) or an infinitive phrase (â€Å"I found the chairman to be arrogant†). The first word or phrase after the verb is a direct object, and the second is a complement, so called because it teams up with the direct object to complete the thought. A to-be verb is one that is a form of the phrase â€Å"to be,† such as is, were, or being. A to-be verb precedes a noun (â€Å"I am a fool†), an adjective (â€Å"I was foolish†), or an adverb of place, a class of adverb that describes where something occurs (â€Å"I am in the doghouse.†) These other parts of speech are sometimes referred to as predicate nouns, predicate adjectives, and predicate adverbs. As is the case with nouns, a sentence need not include a verb (for example, â€Å"Right† spoken or written as an affirmation), but not much can happen in communication without reference to an action, an occurrence, or a state. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a Sentenceâ€Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†Ulterior and Alterior

Pyscho paths Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pyscho paths - Research Paper Example Psychopathy was not recognised earlier because of the less awareness about such a personality disorder. However the development of medical science or behavioural science helped people to get more information about this disease. This paper briefly analyses various characteristics of psychopaths. One of the major characteristics of psychopaths is the attraction towards opposite sex. â€Å"In many instances, the magnetic attraction of the psychopath for members of the opposite sex seems almost supernatural† (THE PSYCHOPATH - The Mask of Sanity). In many cases, psychopaths target a specific age group of people while selecting their prey. This is because of the fact that they developed their anti-personality disorder because of the activities of a particular person or groups of persons belonging to a particular social group or community. For example, a male who was cheated by his female life partner may develop pleasure while raping other females of similar age. He has developed ve ngeance not only towards his wife, but also towards the community of females who belong to the same age group of his wife. He will identify all the females in that age group as cheaters and he will declare rape or murder punishment to such people in his court of justice. He will consider killing or attacking such females as his moral responsibility to save others from such people. In short, psychopaths may not possess any guilty feeling during or after committing serious crimes. For them, they are the authorized persons by God to punish guilty people. Charles Montado (2010) has pointed out the following characteristics of psychopaths; Superficial charm and average intelligence, Absence of delusions and other signs of irrational thinking, Absence of nervousness or neurotic manifestations, Unreliability, Untruthfulness and insincerity, Lack of remorse or shame, Antisocial behavior without apparent compunction, Pathological egocentricity and incapacity to love, Specific loss of insight , Unresponsiveness in general interpersonal relations, Fantastic and uninviting behavior with drink and Failure to follow any life plan (Montado). Because of the brutal nature of activities committed by psychopaths, there are lots of myths associated with the behaviors of psychopaths. One of the wide spread belief about psychopaths is that they may eat human flesh. However, the above belief seems to be meaningless as no cases were reported about such behaviors of psychopaths yet. We are living in an extremely tensed world at present in which we forced to face lot of difficult life situations. The commitments of current generation are more than that of the older generation because of the changing life styles and life philosophies. Failure in fulfilling the commitments often makes a person dissatisfied about his life. Such dissatisfaction may often lead towards the development of negative thoughts and psychological problems. The failure in adapting with the changing life styles often resulted in emotional outbursts or catharsis. But some people suppress their emotional problems even if they face severe adaptation problems. Suppression of emotions or negative feelings will often result in the making of a psychopath. Emotional problems result in accumulation of stress and this stress needs to be released some way in

Summury for food chain lesson plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summury for food chain lesson plan - Essay Example You will get all the information regarding lesson plan and how to use Wikispaces Select the grades you are interested in say 3-5 grades (as you are teaching them) Select the subject say Science. Select the topic in Science say Food Chain and Ecosystem Then select the lesson plan You can select the video you are interested in. Visit the website http://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/lesson-plans/ select lesson plan option Select the grade 3-5 you will get all the chapters as a list and then select the topic you require. Lesson Plan Week 1 Day 1: Ask the children the leading question â€Å"What did you eat for dinner last night?" Ask them to write what they ate as separate ingredients like beef, pasta, bread, rice etc. Then ask them to categorize the food that they ate as: Source of food- Plants or Animals, Fungi (in case of Mushrooms). Introduce the concept of producers- plants, they make their own food by the process of photosynthesis. Introduce the concept of consumers- organisms that eat either the producers or the consumers. Day 2: Categorize consumers as herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, and dentritivore (or decomposers). Ask questions as: Name the animals which that eat plants. Name the animals that eat other animals. Name the animals that eat both plants and animals. Name the decomposers. Explain the importance of decomposers. Explain why plants are essential for us.