Research Paper on Police Brutality Sample

Research Paper on Police Brutality Sample Those of the minority community have been subjected, for many decades, to violence by those in law enforcement in the United States. This type of violence is a direct depiction of police brutality, which often leads to death. Police brutality has been an issue for many years, and it remains a major concern for those of the minority community. Over the past five centuries, black people have endured violence in many different ways. Today, police officers use deadly, excessive force that leads to inexcusable assaults, beatings and shootings. This demonstrates the governmentÐ ¢s role in initiating and prolonging racial suppression and provides the explanation for police brutality to become a federal crime(Black Radical Congress, 3). In history, racist violence, police brutality, has been used to suppress the racial blacks and to preserve power and privileges for the white race. This was done for five primary purposes. First, it has forced black people into slavery or low wage situations. Secondly, to steal land and other resources. A 3-rd was to maintain social control. A fourth purpose was to eliminate conflict in politics, social life, and employment. Lastly, the fifth purpose was to unite white people across the ethnic, class, and gender boundaries. However, after the Emancipation, lynching became a prominent form of violence used against the blacks. The use of lynching was a means of controlling and putting fear into the blacks, making them afraid to go against anything the white man said or authorized. In the mid 1900s, race riots and lawful executions began to replace the practice of lynching. This became the new method of social control and white supremacy could be controlled through racial discrimination. Harassment and discrimination are two other forms of violence, they have been practiced for many centuries and are still being practiced today as a means of control. The practice of police brutality has a strong affect on a main segment of the American population. Those affected are minorities and the elderly causing them to have strong hatred towards the whites in America. Police Brutality is abuse by law enforcement, where a police officer feels that because he/ she has a badge and a gun therefore it puts them above the law and they can use unnecessary force against another individual. Police Brutality is not a new issue; it has become more focused on recently due to some cases that have occurred in the past few years that have been highly publicized. The abuse used by police officers is a serious offense that violates a persons human and civil rights. These violations are seen nationwide to the minority community and are committed by various police officers that fail to receive punishment for their action. The Civil Rights Act provides protection to those persons wronged by the misuse of power, possessed by the virtue of state law and made [it] possible only because the wrongdoer is clothed with the authority of state law. There is a violation of the fourth amendment when innocent people become victims of police brutality. Many minorities are stopped because they are driving a luxury car. They are assumed to be either drug dealers or a criminal. The protection of the fourth amendment, however, is shrinking; it can only be used with the presence of a warrant (Meeks, 9). The presence of the warrant keeps from unlawful police searches and abuse to occur. Racial profiling is the more common form of police brutality. This is the most frequent violation of the fourth amendment. It is the tactic of stopping someone because of his or her skin color. Racial profiling mainly targets young Black and Latino men and is believed to be a justified form of law enforcement. In other words, it is a form of legal prejudice that occurs daily nationwide. Although, there are many questionable areas in racial profiling that cannot be avoided nor proven. First, it is difficult to prove, in a majority of cases there is no evidence and the police officers can claim the stop to be a routine traffic stop. An example of this is when a black person is pulled over for a traffic violation the type of vehicle is first determined and then their skin color. A majority of Blacks and Latinos drive either flashy or historical vehicles, this determines the  ethnicity of the driver. Harassment takes place and no one can prove this but the victim and the police officer . Secondly, the courts have to acknowledge that racial profiling occurred and in most cases this is hard to prove. There are also other forms of racial profiling. In many professions, this type of profiling is used as a form as security. Taxi drivers and security personnel engage in profiling when they feel fearful or threatened. Taxi drivers use this type of judgment when refusing to pick up a customer at night and security guards use it to find suspects while working. Racial profiling is considered to be a profile used by police officers to identify suspicious criminal or violators of the law. A typical profile used is the CARD system. CARD is an acronym for class, age, race, and dress. This system is used to fit individuals into categories for means of identification. The problem with the CARD system is that many minorities fall into this category. This makes them primary targets and poses a problem for some of the white people that also fall into this category. Nevertheless, there are a few positive sides to profiling. For one, it can be considered to be a survival skill, allowing one to see if people are doing justice. Secondly, it puts people on an innate level. Profiling shows signs about people and certain criteria. Lastly, it is not considered to be racism. Police officers who use profiling use it as a tool because they think that they are color blind in certain situations. Police brutality also occurs in prisons where the prisoners are mistreated because it becomes a simple case of authority. Humans have their freedom to express their rights and police brutality violates their human rights. The main targets of police brutality are two third African American or Latino and the majority of the time the officer is white. There are five stages through which force can progress and lead to brutality: verbal persuasion, unarmed physical force, force using non-lethal weapons, force using impact weapons, deadly force. Enforcement personnel should use the deadly force stage only when an officers life or another persons life is in danger. By having the deadly force stage, the law permits someone to commit a murder, and justifies its use. Many law enforcement officials appear to have a tough exterior towards crime, but are very sensitive to crime on the inside. Police officers build up negative feelings towards certain races, sexes, or religions. Officers tend to get the impression that if one or a few people treat them with disrespect, than other people of that same sex, race, or religion will treat the officer in the same way. Another cause of police brutality and misconduct is the amount of stress that is put upon the law enforcement official. Law enforcement officials who are accused of police brutality are required to attend a civil court hearing with a judge and a jury present. Most of the time the jury will find the officers not guilty, or guilty of a lesser crime. This is true in the case of the officer who used an illegal chokehold on Anthony Bees, a twenty eight-year old Puerto Rican, after Baezs football hit the patrol car. Baez was killed due to the force of the chokehold, but the officer was found not guilty. However, due to racism and society, the demand of tough treatment towards criminals will encourage police officers to remain violent. The extent of police brutality can be improved through the training of police officers and racially integrated departments resulting in the decline of police violence. Many ways to correct police misconduct have evolved. Such corrections include sufficient training, recruitment, and integration. In recruitment, tighter screening and  background checks could be used to avoid violence and racism to enter into the police force. By means of integration, the presence of more minorities can help to dissolve the hatred towards minorities in the society, giving affirmative action an opportunity to take precedence. Police officers should also be required to go to a class that re-teaches them how to act appropriate in an arrest and other situations. A majority of these police officers also feel as though they did not commit a wrongdoing and that they are innocent. One of the ways to curb police brutality is to implement new laws, to punish the wrong doers that may bring about the decrease in police brutality. Today, officers know that there are laws dealing with etiquette during an arrest, but many do not attempt to apply what they know, and let physical strength, and force overcomes them. Also, severe or reasonable consequences should be given to police officers who participate in police brutality. Suspension, verbal reprimands, an investigation, anger manageme nt classes, or the loss of their jobs are some consequences that should be given to violating officers. Although there has been some progress and education, training and integration with of the law enforcement population, the are still incidents of racial profiling and police brutality. With continued efforts and corrections of racial injustices, this type of abuse and punishment will lessen when the law moves more towards the justice for minorities. Doing so will cause less brutalities and deaths to occur and more social justice.

Ebola Outbreaks in Sudan and Zaire

Ebola Outbreaks in Sudan and Zaire On July 27, 1976, the very first person to contract the Ebola virus began to show symptoms. Ten days later he was dead. Over the course of the next few months, the first Ebola outbreaks in history occurred in Sudan and Zaire*, with a total of 602 reported cases and 431 deaths. The Ebola Outbreak in Sudan The first victim to contract Ebola was a cotton factory worker from Nzara, Sudan. Soon after this first man came down with symptoms, so did his co-worker. Then the co-workers wife became sick. The outbreak quickly spread to the Sudanese town of Maridi, where there was a hospital. Since no one in the medical field had ever seen this illness before, it took them awhile to realize that it was passed by close contact.  By the time the outbreak had subsided in the Sudan, 284 people had become ill, 151 of whom had died. This new illness was a killer, causing fatality in 53% of its victims. This strain of the virus is now called Ebola-Sudan. Ebola Outbreak in Zaire On September 1, 1976, another, even more deadly, outbreak of Ebola struck - this time in Zaire. The first victim of this outbreak was a 44-year-old teacher who had just returned from a tour of northern Zaire. After suffering from symptoms that seemed like malaria, this first victim went to the Yambuku Mission Hospital and received a shot of an anti-malarial drug. Unfortunately, at that time the hospital did not use disposable needles nor did they properly sterilize the ones they used. Thus, the Ebola virus spread through used needles to many of the hospitals patients. For four weeks, the outbreak continued to expand. However, the outbreak finally ended after the Yambuku Mission Hospital was closed down (11 of the 17 hospital staff having died) and the remaining Ebola victims were isolated. In Zaire, the Ebola virus had been contracted by 318 people, 280 of whom died. This strain of the Ebola virus, now called Ebola-Zaire, killed 88% of its victims. The Ebola-Zaire strain remains the most deadly of the Ebola viruses. Symptoms of Ebola The Ebola virus is deadly, but since the initial symptoms can seem similar to many other medical issues, many infected people may remain ignorant of the seriousness of their condition for several days. For those infected by Ebola, most victims begin to show symptoms between two and 21 days after first contracting Ebola. At first, the victim may only experience influenza-like symptoms: fever, headache, weakness, muscle pain, and a sore throat. However, additional symptoms begin to manifest quickly. Victims often suffer from diarrhea, vomiting, and a rash. Then the victim often starts bleeding, both internally and externally. Despite extensive research, no one is yet sure where the Ebola virus occurs naturally nor why it flares up when it does. What we do know is that the Ebola virus is passed from host to host, usually by contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids. Scientists have designated the Ebola virus, which is also called Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), as a member of the Filoviridae family. There are currently five known strains of the Ebola virus: Zaire, Sudan, Cà ´te d’Ivoire, Bundibugyo and Reston. So far, the Zaire strain remains the most deadly (80% death rate) and the Reston the least (0% death rate). However, the Ebola-Zaire and Ebola-Sudan strains have caused all the major known outbreaks. Additional Ebola Outbreaks The 1976 Ebola outbreaks in Sudan and Zaire were just the first and most definitely not the last. Although there have been many isolated cases or even small outbreaks since 1976, the largest outbreaks have been in Zaire in 1995 (315 cases), Uganda in 2000-2001 (425 cases), and in the Republic of the Congo in 2007 (264 cases). * The country of Zaire changed its name to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in May 1997.

Financial intermediation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Financial intermediation - Essay Example It was based on the efficiency hypothesis model and was distinguished from the imminent failure model. After analyzing 33 mergers during the 1867-1935 period, the author found that the consolidation and integration (which result as consequences of mergers and acquisitions) reduce systemic risk. An important variable in this finding is the identification of the role of diversification in the dilution and management of risks. The study also proposed the empirical validity of concentration-stability hypothesis as a framework for explaining the stability of Canadian banks. It was found that strong concentration of banks, which came as an offshoot of mergers and acquisitions, was a strong predictor of stability. What is good about the paper The paper is significant for several reasons. It contains important insights on the developmental evolution of the Canadian banking sector. The author has also proposed and explained insights that could enrich the extant literature on the positive impa ct of mergers and acquisitions (M&As). The successful use and evaluation of hypotheses and the systematic assessment approaches included can provide helpful insights to researchers interested in the same or in related research topics. These constitute the reasons why it is worthy of publication. This section will explain this in detail. An important insight postulated by the study is the explanation why the Canadian banking system outperformed the United States banking system during the Great Depression (p.6). The author was able to provide important evidences, most particularly, the argument that Canada avoided the crisis by maintaining a banking system typified by risk diversification through branching (p.6). This aspect in the study contributes an insight to the body of literature in regard to the incidence of bank failures, vulnerabilities and risks that could be avoided. The emerging principle is that mergers have cushioned the Canadian banking system from the Great Depression by diluting the risks. Here, a theoretical evidence was presented: the cases of the cross-province acquisitions from 1900-1931led to risk diversification because the bulk of business for each bank in a consolidated financial institution is based on its home province, hence, the risk for the entire organization is allocated according to its branches, operating in their respective locations. Furthermore, the study also explained the differences between mergers and acquisitions than simply branching out. If the bank is concerned with risks or is interested with diluting it, branching would be an option because it also meant the diversification of operation across Canada. However, it was explained how M&As have different degree of risk exposure than branching, effectively classifying one from the other. If one does think about it, mergers and acquisitions diversify through integration and accumulation of resources whereas branching diversifies by expanding and spending resources. In the former, there is an inward flow of resources where the latter sees an outflow. This is the reason why in the study's comparative analysis, it was found that "out of the 10 chartered banks that remained in business in 1935, six had been involved in acquisitions," and that "only one out of the 26 failed banks was involved in bank consolidation" (p.9). The study used Fisher's exact test to evaluate the relationship it revealed that bank consolidations did not result or

The Sandman by E.T.A. Hoffmann Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Sandman by E.T.A. Hoffmann - Essay Example The point of argument in this short story is that: can a child’s imagination be so strong that he may be able to carry his imagination throughout his life, especially if it has affected him in his childhood profoundly? This point is important to the design of the story because it relates to child psychology, since the story talks about a child’s weird imaginations and perception of bizarre ideas that continue to affect him throughout his life. Parents and caregivers should be very careful when they tell terrifying stories to their children, as young brains are very receptive of imaginations, pictures, and concepts. We mention some quotes of the story here, and elaborate them so as to determine how they relate to our main point of argument. The reader of the story reads: But if, like a bold painter, you had first sketched in a few audacious strokes the outline of the picture you had in your own soul, you would then easily have been able to deepen and intensify the colors one after the other, until the varied throng of living figures carried your friends away and they, like you, saw themselves in the midst of the scene that had proceeded out of your own soul (Hoffmann, para.54). This quote means how a human being is able to draw a picture out of his imagination, and is able to give life and meaning to it, so much so that the conception continues to hover over his mind for the rest of his life, continuing to affect him and his friends and family around him. All human beings are like painters of their imaginary conceptions. A child is a special painter, because he strongly conceives every idea told to him in his vulnerable years. It is only his luck and maturity that comes with age that pulls him out his frantic imaginations. Nathaniel has not been that lucky. He was not able to come out of his horror which was induced into him when he was a child. He continued to be terrified of eyes and the sandman coming to take them, so much so that he lost his li fe. This quote shows its real meaning when we see Nathaniel relating the concept of the sandman to his father’s friend, Coppola, and thinking it is him when his father dies during an experiment. Later on as an adult, his life again gets disturbed when he meets Coppelius, who comes in to sell spectacles, making Nathaniel relate him to the dead Coppola, making him think that Coppola has come back in the shape of Coppelius, to take his eyes. Hence, we see that a child is able to relate horrifying imaginations to real people and events, and this disturbance of mind continues till adulthood, proving our point of argument. The strength of a child’s imagination gets further confirmed when we read (Hoffmann, para. 56) that, â€Å"Perhaps, like a good portrait-painter, I may succeed in catching the outline in this way, so that you will realize it is a likeness even without knowing the original, and feel as if you had often seen the person with your own corporeal eyes.† T his shows how a child is able to paint a picture out of his imagination, and how he can make it real with his thoughts and conceptions. Why Nathaniel’s horror about eyes relives when he sees Olimpia’s eyes falling out of her head as Coppelius and Spalanzani fight over her, and why he becomes frantic, is because his frenzied imagination that he carried through childhood makes him all the more hysterical about his imagination of eyes and the sandman coming back to take them. This again confirms that a child’s imaginations are very strong and sturdy, not letting go of the

Pi and Richard Parker in Life of Pi Essay example -- Yann Martel

Pi gives two renditions of his 227 days on the ocean. His second version, instead of involving animals, claims that other survivors from the ship are present. Pi witnesses and takes part in cannibalism, going against his vegetarianism and human nature. Pi also commits murder in this adaptation of his story, killing his mother’s murderer, a reality that is hard for Pi to come to terms with. Since this event is easier for him to cope with if is not the one directly involved in the killing, he replaces himself with Richard Parker. Thus, as shown by Pi’s creation of others in order to suppress guilt, the mind can invent or distort memories in order to preserve one’s sanity and spiritual survival. The same mechanism of self preservation of the mind is shown in the movie Castaway (2000). In the movie, Chuck is the only survivor of a plane crash and he must survive a island. Humans cannot bear isolation. To cope with his loneliness, Chuck creates Wilson, a volleyball with a face drawn with blood, and treats Wilson as if he is an individual. To Chuck, Wilson is someone to engage in conversation with and a close friend. Wilson’s creation illustrates how humans will do anything to cope with loneliness, prevent insanity, and ultimately survive. â€Å"I must say a word about fear. It is life's only true opponent. Only fear can defeat life,† (Martel, 203). On his trek, Pi faces a multitude of different fears and overcomes each one of them in order to survive. One of Pi’s greatest fears is Richard Parker, the deadly Bengal tiger. Pi realizes that he has to cope with Richard Parker, regardless of his natural fear, since they are in the lifeboat together. Pi cannot run away, he must take action. He states, â€Å"I couldn’t always be runnin... ...s, a group of stranded schoolboys show their need for each other’s company. The first thing the boys do is seek each other out once they arrive on the uninhabited island. The boys are young and cannot tend to their needs alone, thus it is necessary for them collaborate in order to survive. Within the group, a hierarchy of leadership is established. One person is viewed as their chief, someone of considerable wisdom and charisma to guide them. The main focus of their group is survival, however, there are two philosophies on how to survive within the group. This causes the group break into factions. Even though there are disagreements between individuals, they continue to stick together and form groups. This illustrates how collaboration between individuals is essential for survival in dire situations and how people will work together if their existence depends on it.

Peapod Service Quality: Gap Analysis and Recommendations Essay

One of the pioneers of online grocery delivery service, Peapod LLC was founded in 1989 even before the dot-com era by brothers Andrew and Thomas Parkinson to cater to people who wanted a more convenient way of shopping for groceries. (Peapod LLC, 2008) In its modest beginnings, Peapod’s founders were deeply involved in the business, even using their own cars to deliver costumer orders. (Ibid) Peapod then partnered with Jewel Food Stores, Safeway, Stop & Shop, Giant, and The Kruger Company before it was fully acquired by Royal Ahold in 2001. Today, Peapod is touted as a leader in the online grocery delivery service with over 120,000 registered customers. (Lunce, Lunce, & Maniam, 2006, p. 60) Management and Consumer Expectations Clearly, the Peapod’s success in a highly competitive internet-based marketing can be attributed to a management that is knowledgeable about consumer expectations. (Ibid) There is a good fit between management and consumer expectations. Undoubtedly, Peapod appeals to consumers because it enables them to â€Å"more efficiently screen alternatives so that they can focus on alternatives that match their preferences. (Andrews & Currim, 2004, p. 43) Online shopping is also associated with convenience, as it allows consumers to look for and order products â€Å"almost instantaneously using electronic agents that use information about an individual consumer’s specific preferences and the alternatives available. † (Ibid) At the same time, the internet platform allows Peapod to know more about consumer expectations and to use this information to improve operations and processes. Peapod’s Commitment to Service Quality Peapod’s business model itself speaks of the managements’ awareness about the behavior and preferences of its target market, and its commitment of quality service delivery: an online grocery store that delivers grocery products right into â€Å"higher income, higher opportunity cost of time, and time-starved† (Andrews & Currim, 2004, p. 43) households who conveniently order these online. Peapod has ensures that it maintains its captive consumer base through advertising and marketing strategies. The Peapod website, for instance, allows the company to communicate its main purpose of being more of a â€Å"time-saving service and not merely a shopping service† (Lunce, Lunce, & Maniam, 2006, p. 59) to consumers and also depends heavily on word-of-mouth advertising. Actual Service Quality Delivery and Communications Lunce, Lunce, and Maniam (2006) observe that Peapod has maximized the use of the internet to â€Å"change the shopping experience altogether. † (p. 0) This means that Peapod was able to fully automate customer service processes through its main website, including providing customers with the ability to compare product specifications, maintain a list of their preferred brands and types of products for faster transactions. Likewise, Peapod clearly tries to maintain a sense of quality through its employees, especially Peapod drivers involved in the delivery of the orders who are at the frontline of Peapod’s operations and customer interaction. (p. 61) Unfortunately, Peapod is not free from weaknesses. This is evident in Peapod’s logistics system, particularly on its ability to achieve timely deliveries, which could make the company suffer from an erosion of customer confidence in their services. Holmstrom, Tanskanen, and Kamarainen (1999) argue that the â€Å"weakness in Peapod’s service is receiving of the products† (p. 2) by the costumers, which is related to the company’s difficulties in working with tight time windows for delivery and receipt by the ordering household. For consumers, the concept of an online grocery also carries higher service quality expectations. For an online grocery delivery business, â€Å"it is likely that the narrower the time window and the more prompt the delivery is, the higher the customer satisfaction is, which has a positive influence upon the repeat purchase. † (Lunce, Lunce, & Maniam, 2006, p. 56) Based from the author’s personal experience, it has become more difficult to schedule a delivery in Peapod’s system because of the increased number of consumers who order groceries from the company. The encounter with difficulties in scheduling for the delivery was unanticipated, as a customer expects Peapod service to be as good based from company promotion and as attested by some of its customers. This reflects a gap in the Peapod’s actual service delivery vis-a-vis the concept of convenience that the company tries hard to communicate, which affects the consumers’ perception of Peapod’s overall service quality and customer responsiveness. If left unaddressed, this could result to a decline in repeat purchase from customers. Analysis and Recommendation At the core of Peapod’s delivery problems is the level of integration in the company’s operations from the online ordering process to delivery booking and scheduling. It should be noted that Peapod operates only in five key cities in the United States, using a hybrid distribution system wherein Peapod utilizes its own warehouse and distribution center in Chicago while exploiting the infrastructure of its brick-and-mortar supermarket partners Stop & Shop and Giant in other areas. Holmstrom, Tanskanen, and Kamarainen (1999) argue that while Peapod’s hybrid distribution network allows it to lower operating costs, Peapod still has to maximize this distribution network to make more prompt and efficient deliveries. (p. 3) Peapod currently offers two modes of delivery: attended and unattended delivery wherein customers have the option of personally receiving their orders or having their orders delivered although they are not home. (Lunce, Lunce, & Maniam, 2006, p. 6) However, both mechanisms pose constraints in terms of cost efficiency as â€Å"attended delivery requires a certain density of customers to reside within the target market† while unattended delivery requires a â€Å"high initial investment cost† but has a â€Å"low utilization rate, and slow growth of demand. † (Lunce, Lunce, & Maniam, 2006, p. 57) To address customer complaints about delivery difficulties, Peapod can enhance its existing delivery systems by increasing the number of its delivery personnel and transportation in order to better manage the increased bulk of orders. The company can also evaluate its existing employee training program to address gaps in the company’s human resources ability to meet higher customer service quality expectations and demands. Likewise, Peapod can also upgrade its service features to enable automatic order replenishment aside from the deliver-on-demand system. This would enable the company to integrate its business with the household economics of its target market and facilitate better delivery schedule planning. Holmstrom, Tanskanen, & Kamarainen, 1999, p. 2) The replenishment system, which is focused on grocery stock replenishment of Peapod’s loyal customers, would reduce the stress put on the delivery system by random orders and ensure that the company is able to meet consumer expectations. Clearly, the main gap in Peapod’s business is its inability to meet customer expectations on prompt delivery, which is caused by weaknesses in its distribution process. This affects the consumer perception of Peapod’s service quality, which in turn could have an adverse impact on company sales and profitability. Thus, the company needs to examine the efficiency of its existing distribution network and enhance its capacity to meet consumer expectations either through restructuring or improving the current distribution fleet, or develop a new mechanism which lessens random delivery pressure and enables the company to focus on its most loyal patrons.

Langston Hughes Essay - 1204 Words

Tomorrow, I ll be at the table When company comes. States Black writer Langston Hughes. America is great, isn t it? This country was built on Liberty, and is a beacon to the rest of the world to which refugees can traverse towards. However, the course of actions in this country has not always been rainbows and sunshine, nor is it today even. There was a time in this wonderful country when Liberty seemed to dwindle, and the hope for our country s equality was slight. During this time, lived a unique writer by the name of Walt Whitman, who awed the country with his patriotic voice which he embedded into his literature. One of his most famous poems, I Hear America Singing, touched the heart of the American People by recognizing the many†¦show more content†¦Hughes does a brilliant job of proving to people during this time that racial tension still existed, and that as much as white people wanted to resent blacks, there was no way in getting around the fact that they still sing America too, just like the carpender of the boatmen in Whitmans poem. Hughes also builds off of the fact that Whitman rarely uses periods, and wrote his poem as a continuos flow of literature. Hughes does this to show his readers that he has just as much intelligence and writing ability as Whitman. For example, Whitman writes, The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of the girl sewing or washing,. Whitman does a brilliant job of never using periods to keep his poem flowing contunually. It is clear that Hughes adopted this structure in his poem as well, writing, They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, But I laugh, And eat well,. This use of continual flow in both Whitmans and Hughes poems proves Hughes incentives in building upon Whitmans poem. Within both Hughes and Whitmans Poems, it is obvious there is a correlation of themes. First of all, Whitman displays strong themes of singing, and how people of America sing America! Therefore, Hughes poem displays the same theme, stating direcly in his title I, Too, Sing America, that along with all other Americans, he sings as well. This use ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on James Langston Hughes891 Words   |  4 Pages (February 1, 1902 - May 22, 1967) Born in Joplin, Missouri, James Langston Hughes was born into an abolitionist family. He was the grandson of grandson of Charles Henry Langston, the brother of John Mercer Langston, who was the the first Black American to be elected to public office in 1855. 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